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      "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger",
      "body": "![A._Schwarzenegger.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSnqb9D5ffT1WAQLXggCSp5JT4RzwWMmj3QXezmM92oJp/A._Schwarzenegger.jpg)Schwarzenegger\" redirects here. For other people of the same name, see Schwarzenegger (surname).\n\"Governator\" redirects here. For the Green Day song, see American Idiot (song).\n\nArnold Schwarzenegger\nA. Schwarzenegger.jpg\n38th Governor of California\nIn office\nNovember 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011\nLieutenant\t\nCruz Bustamante\nJohn Garamendi\nMona Pasquil (acting)\nAbel Maldonado\nPreceded by\tGray Davis\nSucceeded by\tJerry Brown\nChair of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports\nIn office\nJanuary 22, 1990 – January 20, 1993\nPresident\tGeorge H. W. Bush\nPreceded by\tDick Kazmaier\nSucceeded by\t\nFlorence Griffith Joyner\nTom McMillen\nPersonal details\nBorn\tArnold Alois Schwarzenegger\nJuly 30, 1947 (age 70)\nThal, Styria, Austria\nPolitical party\tRepublican\nSpouse(s)\tMaria Shriver\n(m. 1986; div. 2017)\nChildren\t5, including Katherine and Patrick\nParents\tGustav Schwarzenegger\nAurelia Schwarzenegger\nResidence\tLos Angeles, California, U.S.\nEducation\t\nSanta Monica College\nUniversity of Wisconsin, Superior (BA)\nSignature\t\nWebsite\tschwarzenegger.com\nMilitary service\nAllegiance\t Austria\nService/branch\t Austrian Armed Forces\nYears of service\t1965\nA. Schwarzenegger.jpg\nThis article is part of\na series about\nArnold Schwarzenegger\nArnold Schwarzenegger filmography I'll be back Hasta la vista, baby Terminator (character) See Arnold Run\n(political career: Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger Girlie men Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 California recall election, 2003 California gubernatorial election, 2006) Richardson v Schwarzenegger\nArnold Sports Festival Arnold Strongman Classic Planet Hollywood Mr Olympia\nGovernor of California\n2003–2011 Chair of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports\n1990–1993\nList of awards and nominations received by Arnold Schwarzenegger\nv t e\nArnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/ˈʃvɑːrtsənɛɡər/;[1] German: [ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌʔɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, politician, and former professional bodybuilder. He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011.\n\nSchwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times, remaining a prominent presence in bodybuilding and writing many books and articles on the sport. The Arnold Sports Festival, considered one of the best professional bodybuilding competitions in recent years, is named after him. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as that sport's most charismatic ambassador.[2]\n\nSchwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action-film icon. His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel.[3] In 1984, he appeared in the title role of James Cameron's critically and commercially successful science-fiction thriller film The Terminator. He subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments: Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), and Terminator Genisys (2015).[3][4][5] He has appeared in a number of successful films, such as Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Twins (1988), Total Recall (1990), Kindergarten Cop (1990), and True Lies (1994).\n\nAs a Republican, Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. He was sworn in on November 17, to serve the remainder of Davis' term. He was then re-elected in the 2006 California gubernatorial election, to serve a full term as governor.[6] In 2011, he completed his second term as governor and returned to acting. Schwarzenegger was nicknamed \"the Austrian Oak\" in his bodybuilding days, \"Arnie\" during his acting career, and \"The Governator\" (a portmanteau of \"Governor\" and \"Terminator\") during his political career.\n\nContents \n1\tEarly life\n1.1\tChildhood\n1.2\tEarly adulthood\n1.3\tMove to the U.S.\n2\tBodybuilding career\n2.1\tPowerlifting/weightlifting\n2.1.1\tPersonal records\n2.2\tMr. Olympia\n2.3\tSteroid use\n2.4\tList of competitions\n2.5\tCompetitive stats\n3\tActing career\n3.1\tEarly roles\n3.2\tAction superstar\n3.3\tRetirement\n3.4\tReturn to acting\n3.5\tThe Celebrity Apprentice\n3.6\tFilmography\n4\tPolitical career\n4.1\tEarly politics\n4.2\tGovernor of California\n4.2.1\tDeath of Louis Santos\n4.3\tAllegations of sexual misconduct\n4.4\tCitizenship\n4.5\tEnvironmental record\n4.6\tElectoral history\n4.7\tPresidential ambitions\n5\tBusiness career\n5.1\tBricklaying business\n5.2\tInvestments\n5.3\tRestaurant\n5.4\tWealth\n5.5\tCommercial advertisements\n6\tPersonal life\n6.1\tEarly relationships\n6.2\tMarriage and family\n6.3\tMarital separation\n6.4\tAccidents and injuries\n6.5\tHeight\n6.6\tAutobiography\n6.7\tVehicles\n7\tPublic life\n7.1\tSchwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy\n7.2\tGlobal warming\n7.3\t2016 Presidential election\n8\tAwards and honors\n9\tBooks\n10\tSee also\n11\tReferences\n12\tFurther reading\n13\tExternal links\n13.1\tGovernorship\n13.2\tInterviews\n13.3\tFilm\nEarly life\nChildhood\n\nThalersee, a lake in Schwarzenegger's birthplace of Thal, pictured in October 2002\nArnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born on July 30, 1947 in Thal, Styria,[7] to Aurelia (née Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger. Gustav was the local chief of police and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938,[8] though he was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. He married Aurelia on October 20, 1945; he was 38 and she was 23. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict: \"Back then in Austria it was a very different world ... if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared.\"[9] He grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended Mass every Sunday.[10][11]\n\nGustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard, over Schwarzenegger.[12] His favoritism was \"strong and blatant,\" which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Schwarzenegger was not his biological child.[13] Schwarzenegger has said his father had \"no patience for listening or understanding your problems.\"[10] He had a good relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death.[14] In later life, Schwarzenegger commissioned the Simon Wiesenthal Center to research his father's wartime record, which came up with no evidence of Gustav being involved in atrocities, despite his membership in the Nazi Party and SA.[12] Gustav's background received wide press attention during the 2003 California recall campaign.[15] At school, Schwarzenegger was reportedly academically average, but stood out for his \"cheerful, good-humored, and exuberant\" character.[10] Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.[13]\n\nAs a boy, Schwarzenegger played several sports, heavily influenced by his father.[10] He picked up his first barbell in 1960, when his soccer coach took his team to a local gym.[7] At the age of 14, he chose bodybuilding over soccer as a career.[3][4] He later said, \"I actually started weight training when I was 15, but I'd been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting.\"[9] However, his official website biography claims that \"at 14, he started an intensive training program with Dan Farmer, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career.\"[16] During a speech in 2001, he said, \"My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school.\"[17]\n\nSchwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen.[9] When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: \"As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible when others around me didn't always understand my dreams. Steve Reeves has been part of everything I've ever been fortunate enough to achieve.\" In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz.[7] He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends, so that he could train even when it was closed. \"It would make me sick to miss a workout... I knew I couldn't look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn't do it.\"[9] When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first movie experience as a boy, he replied: \"I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie.\"[9]\n\nSchwarzenegger's brother, Meinhard, died in a car crash on May 20, 1971.[7] He was driving drunk and died instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral.[13] Meinhard was engaged to Erika Knapp, and they had a three-year-old son named Patrick. Schwarzenegger paid for Patrick's education and helped him to move to the U.S.[13] Gustav died on December 13, 1972, from a stroke.[7] In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder to show the extremes some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger's image colder to create controversy for the film.[18] Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, recalled that he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother.[19] Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father's funeral.[13]\n\nIn an interview with Fortune in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what \"would now be called child abuse\" at the hands of his father: \"My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I've seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn't want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, 'You can't do this,' I said, 'This is not going to be for much longer because I'm going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.'\"[8]\n\nEarly adulthood\nSchwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males.[7][16] During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest.[4] He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and spent a week in military prison: \"Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn't carefully think through the consequences.\" He won another bodybuilding contest in Graz, at Steirerhof Hotel (where he placed second). He was voted best-built man of Europe, which made him famous. \"The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America—the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich.\"[17] Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London.[16] He would come in second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton.[16]\n\nCharles \"Wag\" Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and he offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London. Yorton's leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language.[20][21] Living with the Bennetts also changed him as a person: \"Being with them made me so much more sophisticated. When you're the age I was then, you're always looking for approval, for love, for attention and also for guidance. At the time, I wasn't really aware of that. But now, looking back, I see that the Bennett family fulfilled all those needs. Especially my need to be the best in the world. To be recognized and to feel unique and special. They saw that I needed that care and attention and love.”[22]\n\nAlso in 1966, while at Bennett's home, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor.[22][23] The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20.[16] He would go on to win the title a further three times.[4] Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, where he attended a business school and worked in a health club (Rolf Putziger's gym, where he worked and trained from 1966 to 1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title.[16] He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, \"I'm going to become the greatest actor!\"[24]\n\nMove to the U.S.\n\nSchwarzenegger with President Ronald Reagan in 1984\nSchwarzenegger, who dreamed of moving to the U.S. since the age of 10, and saw bodybuilding as the avenue through which to do so,[25] realized his dream by moving to the United States in September 1968 at the age of 21, speaking little English.[4][7] There he trained at Gold's Gym in Venice, Los Angeles, California, under Joe Weider. From 1970 to 1974, one of Schwarzenegger's weight training partners was Ric Drasin, a professional wrestler who designed the original Gold's Gym logo in 1973.[26] Schwarzenegger also became good friends with professional wrestler Superstar Billy Graham. In 1970, at age 23, he captured his first Mr. Olympia title in New York, and would go on to win the title a total of seven times.[16]\n\nThe immigration law firm Siskind & Susser has stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa.[27] LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in America, who \"overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s\".[25]\n\nIn 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder became a huge success.[7] In 1977 he posed for the gay magazine After Dark.[28][29] After taking English classes at Santa Monica College in California, he earned a bachelor's degree by correspondence from the University of Wisconsin–Superior, in international marketing of fitness and business administration in 1979. He got his American citizenship in 1983.[30]\n\nHe tells that during this time he encountered a friend who told him that he was teaching Transcendental Meditation (TM), which prompted Schwarzenegger to reveal he had been struggling with anxiety for the first time in his life: \"Even today, I still benefit from [the year of TM] because I don't merge and bring things together and see everything as one big problem.\"[31]\n\nBodybuilding career\nArnold Schwarzenegger\n— Bodybuilder —\nArnold Schwarzenegger 1974.jpg\nAs entrant to the 1974 Mr. Olympia competition at Madison Square Garden\nPersonal info\nNickname\tThe Austrian Oak\nHeight\t6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)[16]\nWeight\t\n235 lb (107 kg) (contest)\n260 lb (120 kg) (off-season)\nProfessional career\nPro-debut\tNABBA Mr. Universe, 1968\nBest win\tIFBB Mr. Olympia, 1970–1975, 1980, Seven Times\nPredecessor\tSergio Oliva ('69), Frank Zane ('79)\nSuccessor\tFranco Columbu ('76, '81)\nActive\tRetired 1980\nCompetition record\nMen's bodybuilding\nRepresenting  Austria\nMr Universe (amateur)\n1st\t1967\t\nMr Universe (pro)\n1st\t1968\t\n1st\t1969\t\n1st\t1970\t\nMr. Olympia\n2nd\t1969\t\n1st\t1970\t\n1st\t1971\t\n1st\t1972\t\n1st\t1973\t\n1st\t1974\t\n1st\t1975\t\n1st\t1980\t\nPowerlifting[32]\nRepresenting  Austria\nInternational Powerlifting Championships\n1st\t1966\t+80 kg\nGerman Powerlifting Championships\n2nd\t1967\t+80 kg\n1st\t1968\t+80 kg\nGraz-Paradise Keller Powerlifting Championships\n2nd\t1967\t+80 kg\nMen's Weightlifting[32]\nRepresenting  Austria\nStyrian Junior Weightlifting Championships\n1st\t1964\t\nGerman Austrian Weightlifting Championships\n1st\t1965\t\nSchwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding, and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. He has remained a prominent face in bodybuilding long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows.\n\nFor many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex. Shortly after being elected governor, he was appointed the executive editor of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor's various physical fitness initiatives. When the deal, including the contract that gave Schwarzenegger at least $1 million a year, was made public in 2005, many criticized it as being a conflict of interest since the governor's office made decisions concerning regulation of dietary supplements in California.[33] Consequently, Schwarzenegger relinquished the executive editor role in 2005.[33] American Media Inc., which owns Muscle & Fitness and Flex, announced in March 2013 that Schwarzenegger had accepted their renewed offer to be executive editor of the magazines.[33]\n\nOne of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.[7] He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19.[7][16] He would go on to compete in, and win, many bodybuilding contests. His bodybuilding victories included five Mr. Universe (4 – NABBA [England], 1 – IFBB [USA]) wins, and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991.\n\nSchwarzenegger continues to work out even today. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day.[34]\n\nCompetition weight: 235 lb (107 kg)[35]\nOff-season weight: 260 lb (120 kg)[35]\nPowerlifting/weightlifting\nDuring Schwarzenegger's early years in bodybuilding, he also competed in several Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting contests. Schwarzenegger won two weightlifting contests in 1964 and 1965, as well as two powerlifting contests in 1966 and 1968.[32]\n\nIn 1967, Schwarzenegger won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 German pounds (254 kg/560 lbs.) is lifted between the legs while standing on two footrests.\n\nPersonal records\nClean and press – 264 lb (120 kg)[32]\nSnatch – 243 lb (110 kg)[32]\nClean and jerk – 298 lb (135 kg)[32]\nSquat – 545 lb (247 kg)[32]\nBench press – 520 lb (240 kg)[36][37]\nDeadlift – 710 lb (320 kg)[32]\n\nSchwarzenegger, pictured with 1987 world champion American Karyn Marshall, presenting awards at the USA Weightlifting Hall of Fame in 2011 in Columbus, Ohio\nMr. Olympia\nSchwarzenegger's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia.[7][16] His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day.[16]\n\nHe continued his winning streak in the 1971–74 competitions.[16] In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time,[16] beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.[16]\n\nMonths before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete, in order to film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975, Mr. Olympia.\n\nSchwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia.[7] Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television, when he announced at the eleventh hour that while he was there: \"Why not compete?\" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition.\n\nSteroid use\nSchwarzenegger has admitted to using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that \"steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up.\"[38] He has called the drugs \"tissue building\".[39]\n\nIn 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and his later heart problems. As the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court.[40] In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health.[41]\n\nList of competitions\n[42]\n\nYear\tCompetition\tLocation\tResult and notes\n1965\tJunior Mr. Europe\tGermany\t1st\n1966\tBest Built Man of Europe\tGermany\t1st\n1966\tMr. Europe\tGermany\t1st\n1966\tInternational Powerlifting Championship\tGermany\t1st\n1966\tNABBA Mr. Universe amateur\tLondon\t2nd to Chet Yorton\n1967\tNABBA Mr. Universe amateur\tLondon\t1st\n1968\tNABBA Mr. Universe professional\tLondon\t1st\n1968\tGerman Powerlifting Championship\tGermany\t1st\n1968\tIFBB Mr. International\tMexico\t1st\n1968\tIFBB Mr. Universe\tFlorida\t2nd to Frank Zane\n1969\tIFBB Mr. Universe amateur\tNew York\t1st\n1969\tNABBA Mr. Universe professional\tLondon\t1st\n1969\tMr. Olympia\tNew York\t2nd to Sergio Oliva\n1970\tNABBA Mr. Universe professional\tLondon\t1st. Defeated his idol Reg Park\n1970\tAAU Mr. World\tColumbus, Ohio\t1st. Defeated Sergio Oliva for the first time\n1970\tMr. Olympia\tNew York\t1st\n1971\tMr. Olympia\tParis\t1st\n1972\tMr. Olympia\tEssen, Germany\t1st\n1973\tMr. Olympia\tNew York\t1st\n1974\tMr. Olympia\tNew York\t1st\n1975\tMr. Olympia\tPretoria, South Africa\t1st. Subject of the documentary Pumping Iron\n1980\tMr. Olympia\tSydney, Australia\t1st",
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      "author": "anithkumar",
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      "title": "STEEMIT HISTORY",
      "body": "![DQmSPNNCJ86Wu1DsRexcLdK4RMFfyaum4X3Y9T8PWAkQSUK.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSPNNCJ86Wu1DsRexcLdK4RMFfyaum4X3Y9T8PWAkQSUK/DQmSPNNCJ86Wu1DsRexcLdK4RMFfyaum4X3Y9T8PWAkQSUK.png)Steemit is a blogging and social networking website on top of the Steem circlechain database. The Steem blockchain produces Steem and Steem Dollars which are tradeable tokens users obtain for posting, discovering, and commenting on interesting content.[2]\n\nSteemit, Inc is a privately held company based in New York City and headquartered in Virginia. The company was founded by Ned Scott and Dan Larimer, creator of BitShares, and EOS.[3][4]\n\nContents \n1\tHistory\n2\tConcept\n2.1\t3rd party applications\n3\tMonetary system\n3.1\tSteem\n4\tUsage and media coverage\n5\tCriticism\n6\tReferences\n7\tExternal links\nHistory\nOn July, 4th, 2016, Steemit, Inc officially launched Steemit, a social media with virtual currency rewards that runs over the Steem blockchain. On July 1, 2016 Steemit announced on their website that they were hacked. The attack, according to them, has compromised about 260 accounts. A little less than US$ 85,000 worth of Steem Dollars and Steem are reported to have been taken by the attackers.[5] On March 15, 2017 Dan resigned as a head of technology and a marketing team was announced with Mitchel Loureiro (@zuvarnic) and @andrachy. Frank Rimalovski, Andrew Haines and William Mougayar (@wmougayar) are advisory board members while @cass, Jeffrey Paul (@sneak), James Calfee (@jamesc) and Valentine Zavgorodnev (@val-a) are a few of the staff members.\n\nConcept\nThe Steemit concept was described in the companies white paper, released in March 2016.[6] The general concept is similar to other blogging websites or social news websites like Reddit, but the text content is saved in a blockchain. Using a blockchain enables rewarding comments and posts with secure tokens of value. Images can be uploaded and hosted on Steemit. Other multimedia content must be embedded from other web hosts. For formatting, there is a WYSIWYG editor. Users can also opt to use Markdown formatting with HTML elements.\n\nUser accounts can upvote posts and comments, and the authors who get upvoted can receive a monetary reward in a cryptocurrency token named STEEM and US dollar-pegged tokens called Steem Dollars. People are also rewarded for curating (discovering) popular content. Curating involves voting comments and post submissions. Vote strength and curation rewards are influenced by the amount of STEEM Power held by the voter.[4]\n\nSteemit has a reputation system, where new accounts start with a reputation of 25. An account's received votes can influence its reputation up and down, incentivizing online etiquette and interaction with the community.\n\n3rd party applications\nSteemit includes third-party applications, such as d.tube a decentralised video platform based on the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) protocol. D.tube is similar to YouTube, but without advertisements, instead uses the built-in Steem currency which gets awarded by users upvoting videos.[7]\n\nMonetary system\nThe Steem blockchain has two tokens: STEEM and Steem Dollars. There is also a vested or stored interest known as Steem Power. Steem Power is strictly for internal use in the Steem community, while the tokens are used for stored value and trading.\n\nSteem\nSteem is based on the Smart Media Tokens (SMT) protocol, developed by Steemit. As of December 2017, CoinMarketCap.com listed Steem with a $475 million market capitalization, and ranked Steem tokens 32nd of 1,358 cryptocurrencies. User actions, such as upvoting facilitates Steem's Proof-of-Brain algorithm, which also factors in the Steem Power a user holds, to provide incentives for content creators and the community by transferring small amounts of the Steem token currency.[8]\n\nSteem began with a highly inflationary supply model, doubling roughly every year.[4] However, due to community demand, on December 6, 2016 the inflation rate of Steem was changed to 9.5% per year, reducing by 0.5% per year.[9]\n\nUsage and media coverage\nAs of Nov 2017, there are more than 450,000 Steem accounts.[10] After an initial public beta for which no payments were made, the hard fork on July 4th, 2016, saw $1,300,000 of STEEM and Steem Dollars paid out to Steemit users.[11] According to company reports, since October 2017, $30 million were paid out to over 50.000 users.[12]\n\nThe exchange rate of STEEM compared to Bitcoin rose continuously during July 2016, peaking at a price of over 4 US dollars.[4] 20th of July 2016, Steem had a first notable peak of market capitalization with about 405 million US dollars.[13] As of December 16th, 2017, its market cap is 525 million US dollars.\n\nSteemit was described as a novel and \"disruptive blockchain-based media community\" by Adam Hayes (Investopedia) in July 2016.[4] It got media coverage in cryptocurrency- and business-related media.[14][15] Author Neil Strauss, a Steemit member, wrote an article for Rolling Stone calling its reward distribution \"particularly clever\" and echoing the sentiment of its disruptive potential.[16]\n\nAndrew McMillen explained in Wired Steemit's function being rooted in transparency with every vote and transfer being viewable to the public from upvotes on posts to wallet transfers. Unlike most digital currencies which are difficult to access for the majority of the world without any money to invest, Steem removes the friction for the average person to join in the cryptocurrency world by allowing earnings via posting without needing to buy in first.[12]\n\nCriticism\nJoe Lee, co-founder and CIO of digital currency trading platform Magnr, told CoinDesk. \"Whether Steem succeeds as a digital currency will be more a reflection of Steemit’s success as a platform as opposed to the economics of the coin itself. This is a good example of a digital currency whose value will be closely affiliated to its utilitarian value as a social networking and sharing platform.\"[17]\n\n“I’m skeptical about 'appcoins'/'appchains,' and Steem is very much one,” stated algorithmic trader Jacob Eliosoff.[17]\n\nDecentralizeToday had an article published giving an overview of the platform and blockchain pointing out how the developers consciously relaunched the currency to assure centralization, even quoting Tone Vays calling the system a Ponzi Scheme [18]",
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      "body": "This post does not belong to Thai tag but to India Tag, please remove the Thai tag. Thai tag is only for the Thai language. Thank You.",
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