VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.037USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.001SBD
Effective Power
5.007SP
├── Own SP
0.633SP
└── Incoming DelegationsDeleg
+4.374SP
Detailed Balance
| STEEM | ||
| balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| market_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| reward_steem_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| STEEM POWER | ||
| Own SP | 0.633SP | SP |
| Delegated Out | 0.000SP | SP |
| Delegation In | 4.374SP | SP |
| Effective Power | 5.007SP | SP |
| Reward SP (pending) | 0.000SP | SP |
| SBD | ||
| sbd_balance | 0.001SBD | SBD |
| sbd_conversions | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_market_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| reward_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
{
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "1030.244317 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "7113.415489 VESTS",
"sbd_balance": "0.001 SBD",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"conversions": []
}Account Info
| name | adnan1117 |
| id | 420098 |
| rank | 1,446,013 |
| reputation | 158198091 |
| created | 2017-10-23T19:45:21 |
| recovery_account | steem |
| proxy | None |
| post_count | 6 |
| comment_count | 0 |
| lifetime_vote_count | 0 |
| witnesses_voted_for | 0 |
| last_post | 2018-05-06T18:47:09 |
| last_root_post | 2018-05-06T18:47:09 |
| last_vote_time | 2018-07-29T13:41:57 |
| proxied_vsf_votes | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
| can_vote | 1 |
| voting_power | 0 |
| delayed_votes | 0 |
| balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| sbd_balance | 0.001 SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| vesting_shares | 1030.244317 VESTS |
| delegated_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| received_vesting_shares | 7113.415489 VESTS |
| reward_vesting_balance | 0.000000 VESTS |
| vesting_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting_withdraw_rate | 0.000000 VESTS |
| next_vesting_withdrawal | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| withdrawn | 0 |
| to_withdraw | 0 |
| withdraw_routes | 0 |
| savings_withdraw_requests | 0 |
| last_account_recovery | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| reset_account | null |
| last_owner_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| last_account_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| mined | No |
| sbd_seconds | 0 |
| sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| savings_sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
{
"active": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5W5YwBubmvnWpvMRHXWWQQqYJqgHKLSof3MqBgfSZnsx99vSAA",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"can_vote": true,
"comment_count": 0,
"created": "2017-10-23T19:45:21",
"curation_rewards": 0,
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2035914951,
"last_update_time": 1779051312
},
"guest_bloggers": [],
"id": 420098,
"json_metadata": "",
"last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_post": "2018-05-06T18:47:09",
"last_root_post": "2018-05-06T18:47:09",
"last_vote_time": "2018-07-29T13:41:57",
"lifetime_vote_count": 0,
"market_history": [],
"memo_key": "STM825JAQQtkWhDyDxkRx6gimuHevF3P351TwfhbMYqrAVZ7EKVn8",
"mined": false,
"name": "adnan1117",
"next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"other_history": [],
"owner": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM7aEToGfGbnwuihkVAtwStbLjP5pynCjRsoH77FYNpuWm7qFVZT",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
"post_bandwidth": 0,
"post_count": 6,
"post_history": [],
"posting": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM7FwjVMAWJKDdwcTfqRssMH8gTeZaYqcxZTy8NpLB2YCwPDzhjp",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"posting_json_metadata": "",
"posting_rewards": 0,
"proxied_vsf_votes": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"proxy": "",
"received_vesting_shares": "7113.415489 VESTS",
"recovery_account": "steem",
"reputation": 158198091,
"reset_account": "null",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
"reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
"savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
"sbd_balance": "0.001 SBD",
"sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"sbd_seconds": "0",
"sbd_seconds_last_update": "2018-03-18T02:55:09",
"tags_usage": [],
"to_withdraw": 0,
"transfer_history": [],
"vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "1030.244317 VESTS",
"vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
"vote_history": [],
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779051312
},
"voting_power": 0,
"withdraw_routes": 0,
"withdrawn": 0,
"witness_votes": [],
"witnesses_voted_for": 0,
"rank": 1446013
}Withdraw Routes
| Incoming | Outgoing |
|---|---|
Empty | Empty |
{
"incoming": [],
"outgoing": []
}From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.374 SP to @adnan11172026/05/17 20:55:12
steemdelegated 4.374 SP to @adnan1117
2026/05/17 20:55:12
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7113.415489 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106139464/Trx d357bad54883a9e0ebab747453f16797130e7d32 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 106139464,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7113.415489 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-17T20:55:12",
"trx_id": "d357bad54883a9e0ebab747453f16797130e7d32",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.706 SP to @adnan11172026/05/11 16:30:21
steemdelegated 2.706 SP to @adnan1117
2026/05/11 16:30:21
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4401.205084 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105962148/Trx 1bf5fc1e9d2f14c291f880626e47a4b7ee868345 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 105962148,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4401.205084 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-11T16:30:21",
"trx_id": "1bf5fc1e9d2f14c291f880626e47a4b7ee868345",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 4.382 SP to @adnan11172026/04/25 20:21:09
steemdelegated 4.382 SP to @adnan1117
2026/04/25 20:21:09
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7125.931245 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105507209/Trx 62a4930cd176473f294801b862673faba9275fd7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 105507209,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7125.931245 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-04-25T20:21:09",
"trx_id": "62a4930cd176473f294801b862673faba9275fd7",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.732 SP to @adnan11172026/01/22 22:52:33
steemdelegated 2.732 SP to @adnan1117
2026/01/22 22:52:33
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4442.751903 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #102841122/Trx 9e16b88c242e0794b95a031e103e4eba577942d5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 102841122,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4442.751903 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-01-22T22:52:33",
"trx_id": "9e16b88c242e0794b95a031e103e4eba577942d5",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.833 SP to @adnan11172024/12/16 18:13:45
steemdelegated 2.833 SP to @adnan1117
2024/12/16 18:13:45
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4606.971100 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #91287571/Trx 430a8409c90807cebc952a711e79caf776681159 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 91287571,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4606.971100 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2024-12-16T18:13:45",
"trx_id": "430a8409c90807cebc952a711e79caf776681159",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.937 SP to @adnan11172023/11/13 10:00:06
steemdelegated 2.937 SP to @adnan1117
2023/11/13 10:00:06
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4776.104632 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #79841862/Trx 35223e21816fac26423b1dab9057d91f0c4daa7e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 79841862,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4776.104632 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-11-13T10:00:06",
"trx_id": "35223e21816fac26423b1dab9057d91f0c4daa7e",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 4.743 SP to @adnan11172023/09/21 17:54:12
steemdelegated 4.743 SP to @adnan1117
2023/09/21 17:54:12
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7713.383418 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #78343136/Trx 49163e200f60eaee3415a36c36091df9be6213b9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 78343136,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7713.383418 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-09-21T17:54:12",
"trx_id": "49163e200f60eaee3415a36c36091df9be6213b9",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 4.879 SP to @adnan11172022/11/03 08:09:27
steemdelegated 4.879 SP to @adnan1117
2022/11/03 08:09:27
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7935.064856 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #69109023/Trx 90c9e8db92f197d601ee15ed1b51436ac31f893f |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 69109023,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7935.064856 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-11-03T08:09:27",
"trx_id": "90c9e8db92f197d601ee15ed1b51436ac31f893f",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.015 SP to @adnan11172022/01/17 07:45:03
steemdelegated 5.015 SP to @adnan1117
2022/01/17 07:45:03
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8155.598087 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #60805590/Trx 508cdf087ace60219a0369fb5a2f682e6a7a5478 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 60805590,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8155.598087 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-01-17T07:45:03",
"trx_id": "508cdf087ace60219a0369fb5a2f682e6a7a5478",
"trx_in_block": 9,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.128 SP to @adnan11172021/06/13 21:48:21
steemdelegated 5.128 SP to @adnan1117
2021/06/13 21:48:21
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8339.366745 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #54604142/Trx 79698fa5603d80437a2c93cec02a40cf9e9b5c9a |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 54604142,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8339.366745 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-06-13T21:48:21",
"trx_id": "79698fa5603d80437a2c93cec02a40cf9e9b5c9a",
"trx_in_block": 4,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.243 SP to @adnan11172020/12/11 08:11:45
steemdelegated 5.243 SP to @adnan1117
2020/12/11 08:11:45
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8526.788719 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49351728/Trx 15f884b0c89f8a93fabe37645a6d089d43c82492 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 49351728,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8526.788719 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-11T08:11:45",
"trx_id": "15f884b0c89f8a93fabe37645a6d089d43c82492",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @adnan11172020/12/06 01:49:06
steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @adnan1117
2020/12/06 01:49:06
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1912.543513 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49203296/Trx 7d9201c7ae0a7aab3875eb4f23aaf7b0fab0bcf2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 49203296,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-06T01:49:06",
"trx_id": "7d9201c7ae0a7aab3875eb4f23aaf7b0fab0bcf2",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.254 SP to @adnan11172020/11/25 14:38:42
steemdelegated 5.254 SP to @adnan1117
2020/11/25 14:38:42
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8543.915336 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #48906328/Trx a89f09a21c9bb7bd14d5b095aa595104a927c2b0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 48906328,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8543.915336 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-11-25T14:38:42",
"trx_id": "a89f09a21c9bb7bd14d5b095aa595104a927c2b0",
"trx_in_block": 8,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.372 SP to @adnan11172020/05/09 02:43:42
steemdelegated 5.372 SP to @adnan1117
2020/05/09 02:43:42
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8735.801932 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43213509/Trx 6fa46d19737a0bfe3477f5cfaf7377c8670ca1cd |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 43213509,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8735.801932 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-09T02:43:42",
"trx_id": "6fa46d19737a0bfe3477f5cfaf7377c8670ca1cd",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @adnan11172020/05/08 05:52:09
steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @adnan1117
2020/05/08 05:52:09
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1953.311140 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43189062/Trx e79b46aa1b52a06748fb62eab05b041fd338d0f4 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 43189062,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-08T05:52:09",
"trx_id": "e79b46aa1b52a06748fb62eab05b041fd338d0f4",
"trx_in_block": 10,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.437 SP to @adnan11172019/11/01 06:37:03
steemdelegated 5.437 SP to @adnan1117
2019/11/01 06:37:03
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8842.201015 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #37786727/Trx 357edcd76c568a4fd033eb18812bbc6444ef2fc6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 37786727,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "adnan1117",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8842.201015 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2019-11-01T06:37:03",
"trx_id": "357edcd76c568a4fd033eb18812bbc6444ef2fc6",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}2019/10/23 20:53:39
2019/10/23 20:53:39
| author | steemitboard |
| body | Congratulations @adnan1117! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@adnan1117/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@adnan1117) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=adnan1117)_</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-commemorative-badge-refactored"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://files.steempeak.com/file/steempeak/arcange/YqQV5Tbj-image.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-commemorative-badge-refactored">SteemFest⁴ commemorative badge refactored</a></td></tr></table> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| parent author | adnan1117 |
| parent permlink | join-the-revolution-of-asset-tokenization |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-adnan1117-20191023t205339000z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #37545137/Trx f313c00f091fd6b930105ad06f63dac0a15ca42e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 37545137,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "steemitboard",
"body": "Congratulations @adnan1117! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@adnan1117/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@adnan1117) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=adnan1117)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-commemorative-badge-refactored\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://files.steempeak.com/file/steempeak/arcange/YqQV5Tbj-image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-commemorative-badge-refactored\">SteemFest⁴ commemorative badge refactored</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
"json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
"parent_author": "adnan1117",
"parent_permlink": "join-the-revolution-of-asset-tokenization",
"permlink": "steemitboard-notify-adnan1117-20191023t205339000z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2019-10-23T20:53:39",
"trx_id": "f313c00f091fd6b930105ad06f63dac0a15ca42e",
"trx_in_block": 9,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.558 SP to @adnan11172018/11/26 16:26:42
steemdelegated 5.558 SP to @adnan1117
2018/11/26 16:26:42
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 9039.676392 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #28042675/Trx 80269a603fc86425bbfdaa535db58c452d7e205c |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 28042675,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
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"vesting_shares": "9039.676392 VESTS"
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"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-11-26T16:26:42",
"trx_id": "80269a603fc86425bbfdaa535db58c452d7e205c",
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}2018/10/24 08:58:24
2018/10/24 08:58:24
| author | steemitboard |
| body | Congratulations @adnan1117! You have received a personal award! [](http://steemitboard.com/@adnan1117) 1 Year on Steemit <sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-ranking-update-resteem-and-resteemed-added"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfRVpHQhLDhnjDtqck8GPv9NPvNKPfMsDaAFDE1D9Er2Z/header_ranking.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-ranking-update-resteem-and-resteemed-added">SteemitBoard Ranking update - Resteem and Resteemed added</a></td></tr></table> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| parent author | adnan1117 |
| parent permlink | join-the-revolution-of-asset-tokenization |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-adnan1117-20181024t085823000z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #27083955/Trx e94854690f52b7cb5bae3bf93dcf94be59d470fe |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 27083955,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "steemitboard",
"body": "Congratulations @adnan1117! You have received a personal award!\n\n[](http://steemitboard.com/@adnan1117) 1 Year on Steemit\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-ranking-update-resteem-and-resteemed-added\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfRVpHQhLDhnjDtqck8GPv9NPvNKPfMsDaAFDE1D9Er2Z/header_ranking.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-ranking-update-resteem-and-resteemed-added\">SteemitBoard Ranking update - Resteem and Resteemed added</a></td></tr></table>\n\n> Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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}steemdelegated 18.036 SP to @adnan11172018/08/25 01:38:00
steemdelegated 18.036 SP to @adnan1117
2018/08/25 01:38:00
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 29331.580099 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #25363958/Trx 5db242fe6f567b3381999e0e9abf1cafd3b8293d |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/07/29 13:43:36
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"all.cars","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601172/Trx 077aa80e2618dcad44646f4cb4279660a038b659 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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"custom_json",
{
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2018/07/29 13:43:24
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"asianguy","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601168/Trx 549a39fc0589cf9137a9175ae8b526e39df4f94c |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @art-of-living2018/07/29 13:43:21
adnan1117followed @art-of-living
2018/07/29 13:43:21
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"art-of-living","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601167/Trx 12958ecbb37e02a7920a9a67e53b58c6fa77b0df |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @antartictacus2018/07/29 13:43:18
adnan1117followed @antartictacus
2018/07/29 13:43:18
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"antartictacus","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601166/Trx 192f9f6439011a67de160902ec53d622102108fb |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24601166,
"op": [
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{
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"trx_id": "192f9f6439011a67de160902ec53d622102108fb",
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}adnan1117followed @anonwhale2018/07/29 13:43:18
adnan1117followed @anonwhale
2018/07/29 13:43:18
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"anonwhale","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601166/Trx ad37c1c8d67b893b1ec0dce8bf9b3ef51cae2e71 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/07/29 13:43:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"anailya","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601165/Trx 719958cf8d5f834642ffc5de731a47295f69fbd8 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @allresteem2018/07/29 13:43:12
adnan1117followed @allresteem
2018/07/29 13:43:12
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"allresteem","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #24601164/Trx a3d43b8344b1b2752ce5d98ffa403c64b7287198 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/07/29 13:43:09
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"alianna","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601163/Trx deb443fbb74527f8546795c4a2064b20d1271ec4 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @aliana0072018/07/29 13:43:06
adnan1117followed @aliana007
2018/07/29 13:43:06
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"aliana007","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601162/Trx 69eae7ad3edfbe1fd41e94d5a3c6a70f0d24abe9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}2018/07/29 13:42:57
2018/07/29 13:42:57
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"afsarali","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601159/Trx a14435d24d85775344007a6c4033d92ad2d1f123 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/07/29 13:42:54
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"abacam","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601158/Trx 541913f90e49a297d5416edbbeb1d1e4a1a609b1 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/07/29 13:42:51
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"aaa-bot","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601157/Trx a360d0e446877df40e117e25cae5d807ee9fded5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @a-resteembot2018/07/29 13:42:42
adnan1117followed @a-resteembot
2018/07/29 13:42:42
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"a-resteembot","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601154/Trx 4b3b3f480a4113ab750eb90aa473b9d986cd3393 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/07/29 13:42:39
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"a-0-a","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601153/Trx 12f04cfd0d5feb0c16b86605da2f68f71a442b88 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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adnan1117followed @a-0-0-0-0-0-0
2018/07/29 13:42:36
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"a-0-0-0-0-0-0","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601152/Trx 3d9116cd9d3d810b1f08ee2a5e610d1e6edbbde8 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117upvoted (100.00%) @cryptaldash / y5enbqsm2018/07/29 13:41:57
adnan1117upvoted (100.00%) @cryptaldash / y5enbqsm
2018/07/29 13:41:57
| author | cryptaldash |
| permlink | y5enbqsm |
| voter | adnan1117 |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24601139/Trx 7119eda093490943afe44537f8d5f07dc8cf9469 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24601139,
"op": [
"vote",
{
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"trx_id": "7119eda093490943afe44537f8d5f07dc8cf9469",
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}sensationupvoted (100.00%) @adnan1117 / brickblock2018/05/06 19:55:03
sensationupvoted (100.00%) @adnan1117 / brickblock
2018/05/06 19:55:03
| author | adnan1117 |
| permlink | brickblock |
| voter | sensation |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #22201446/Trx 1a10529c56f977830cc283af7fd2dede0bf7c332 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 22201446,
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"trx_id": "1a10529c56f977830cc283af7fd2dede0bf7c332",
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}zedpalupvoted (100.00%) @adnan1117 / brickblock2018/05/06 18:59:45
zedpalupvoted (100.00%) @adnan1117 / brickblock
2018/05/06 18:59:45
| author | adnan1117 |
| permlink | brickblock |
| voter | zedpal |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #22200342/Trx 20e6573ea5ad813177218e81ddcc77773fb9cda0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 22200342,
"op": [
"vote",
{
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}adnan1117published a new post: join-the-revolution-of-asset-tokenization2018/05/06 18:47:09
adnan1117published a new post: join-the-revolution-of-asset-tokenization
2018/05/06 18:47:09
| author | adnan1117 |
| body | WHAT WE DO Invest your cryptocurrency into real-world assets Brickblock is a smart contract platform that allows you to sell and invest in tokenized assets (e.g. real estate) on the blockchain.  WORKING PRODUCT Brickblock is not just an idea or a whitepaper. We are one of the only blockchain projects with a working product backed by technical and legal proofs of concept. Executed successful private tokenized real estate sale in December 2017 Smart contracts approved by industry-leader ConsenSys Diligence Prospectus filed for regulatory approval in the European Union  PARTICIPATE IN THE ICO TO BECOME PART OF THE BBK NETWORK Participate in the ICO to receive Brickblock tokens (BBK). They can be traded or activated. When activated, BBK holders profit from every transaction.    !  |
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| permlink | join-the-revolution-of-asset-tokenization |
| title | JOIN THE REVOLUTION OF ASSET TOKENIZATION |
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}cheetahreplied to @adnan1117 / cheetah-re-adnan1117brickblock2018/05/06 18:28:30
cheetahreplied to @adnan1117 / cheetah-re-adnan1117brickblock
2018/05/06 18:28:30
| author | cheetah |
| body | Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: https://github.com/brickblock-io/whitepaper-general |
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}cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @adnan1117 / brickblock2018/05/06 18:28:24
cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @adnan1117 / brickblock
2018/05/06 18:28:24
| author | adnan1117 |
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}ax3upvoted (1.00%) @adnan1117 / brickblock2018/05/06 18:27:42
ax3upvoted (1.00%) @adnan1117 / brickblock
2018/05/06 18:27:42
| author | adnan1117 |
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}adnan1117published a new post: brickblock2018/05/06 18:27:30
adnan1117published a new post: brickblock
2018/05/06 18:27:30
| author | adnan1117 |
| body | Brickblock general Whitepaper Jakob Drzazga, Martin Mischke, Holger Schlünzen, Philip Paetz [email protected] Abstract Brickblock is building a new blockchain-based solution for investing in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), real estate funds (REFs), passive coin-traded funds (CTFs) and active coin managed funds (CMFs). Through the effective use of smart contracts, order and issuing fees can be reduced to a fraction of traditional costs. This will make investing in Brickblock more financially inclusive across all income classes. Artificial geographical trading restrictions, including the need for a bank account, can thus be eliminated. Counterparty risk can be reduced to mere minutes. Furthermore, we are introducing a new system of passively managed cryptocurrency baskets, which reduces the risks and high fees of actively managed coin funds by using liquidity providers, incentivized by arbitrage effects. Our system is based on an underlying rule-based asset allocation rather than high-risk contracts for difference (CFDs). It uses the asset-first principle, which incentivizes asset vendors to deliver assets before getting paid, thus further reducing investor risk. 1. Introduction - How does Brickblock work? At present, the crypto-economy is possibly one of the most volatile economies. Investors can make 10x gains in one month only to lose it all the next month. Thus far, there have only been a limited number of ways to diversify crypto-portfolios to mitigate these risks. Real diversification, across multiple asset classes, is essential for a well-balanced portfolio. Brickblock introduces the first platform where users can seamlessly invest in real estate funds (REFs), exchange-traded funds (ETFs), passive coin-traded funds (CTF) and active coin managed funds (CMFs) through a streamlined process and with significantly lower costs than traditional investing. Each fund on the Brickblock platform has its own denomination and its own "proof-of-asset" (PoA) token which, via established token exchange platforms, can be traded simpler, faster and cheaper than on conventional stock markets. Our asset-backed PoA tokens empower investors to hedge the risk of cryptocurrencies in real assets without needing to convert their cryptocurrency into a fiat currency. All dividends and coupons are automatically transferred to token-holders through self-executing smart contracts Copyright (c) 2017 brickblock.io Without permission, anyone may use, reproduce or distribute any material in this whitepaper for non-commercial and educational use (i.e., other than for a fee or for commercial purposes) provided that the original source and the applicable copyright notice are cited. on the Ethereum network. The content of the smart contract and the PoA token itself is unalterable, cryptographically secured and visible to everyone on the blockchain. To ensure the safety of the underlying assets represented by the PoA token, a digital trust fund holds the exact same amount of fund shares as tokens issued. This securities account cannot be claimed by Brickblock, the broker or anyone else, and is protected by strict laws regarding trust funds, even in the case of bankruptcy. Only token holders may reclaim their fund shares, at any time. Brickblock’s infrastructure will be implemented as a decentralized application (Dapp) and run on the Ethereum network. Broker-dealers and fund managers will be able to list their investment opportunities on the platform, after being thoroughly verified by Brickblock through e.g. proof of residence, credit reports and criminal record. Based on their personal risk/reward ratio, investors can then select an investment from the offered funds to add to their diversified portfolio. All fees, minimum investment pools, exchange rates, holding periods, net asset values, dividends or coupon payments will be listed clearly and thus, can easily be compared. All investment opportunities will be carefully validated and audited by independent parties (such as EY [1]) to eliminate fraud. Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 2. Market Analysis 2.1. Current Problems in the Market 2.1.1. High Volatility Cryptocurrencies are extremely volatile and, due to their limited acceptance in the traditional economy, investors have almost no options to disperse their risk. Money has three important properties: It serves as a store of value, a medium of exchange and a unit of account. Currently, cryptocurrencies are primarily used as a store of value. The use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange and as a unit of account is still in a very early stage. This means that there are limited options to escape the volatility of its value. At present, the only real way out is to reconvert into a fiat currency. 2.1.2. Counterparty Risk When the counterparty does not possess the necessary funds or assets to settle a trade, this is known as "counterparty risk", also "default risk". In traditional asset trading, clearing and settlement processes take three days. On the first day, a broker makes a deal with the counterparty on th Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 2.2.5. No Safe Possibility of Crypto Basket Investments For actively managed CMFs, Brickblock will enter legally binding contracts with fund managers, verify them thoroughly and implement a cryptographic audit structure. We, not the fund managers, will commission independent auditors to prevent any potential conflicts of interest between fund managers and auditors. For passively managed CTFs, rule-based fund indices in conjunction with the arbitrage phenomenon of foreign exchange (FX) markets are leveraged to obviate active fund managers and decentralize trades toward liquidity providers. Therefore, human error is minimized. 2.3. Market Review In the past years, many token-funded startups have announced the development of financial tools to help traders and investors diversify within the cryptocurrency market. In this section, we are going to examine several of these projects and highlight possible improvements. However, the purpose of this is not to devalue the competition, we merely seek to illustrate our motivation for developing our own solution, i.e. to address these problems. We have the highest respect for everyone that is sincerely trying to move the crypto-community forward and deeply believe that there is enough room for many innovative players in this field. 2.3.1. Taas Taas [4] is a stand-alone, closed-end crypto-fund. Its whitepaper [5] states that they have built a cryptographic audit system with Ambisafe [6]. Users are able to track the trades of Taas on their website. We could not find any details about this system besides the trade records, which are made public on a subpage [7]. From an investor’s perspective, however, there is no legal contract between the user and Taas, which carries potential risks. 2.3.2. Melonport Melonport [8] is an open source protocol (initially based on Ethereum and currently in development) that aims to simplify the process of developing portfolios of different cryptocurrencies for investors. Fund managers, on the other hand, can easily select what cryptocurrencies they want to buy. In comparison to Taas, the Melon Protocol, if executed safely in smart contracts, will eliminate the trust aspect. However, as far as we could interpret from the green paper [9], it is mostly based on contracts for difference (CFDs) for non-ERC20 tokens and coins. Since investments can only be made in Melons or ETH, users are heavily dependent on the stability of these two tokens. If, for example, a fund manager purchases a certain volume of Dash [10], no actual Dash tokens are being held by the user. From an investor’s perspective, this means that there is a potential risk of not receiving the equivalent value of Dash if the Melons or ETH collateral cannot cover the gains or losses. 2.3.3. Shapeshift’s Prism Prism [11] is also based on Ethereum. The user and a counterparty both deposit an equal amount of ETH into a Prism smart contract, which serves as collateral and is therefore also a contract for difference (CFD). The user bets, for example, on a bullish bitcoin1 and the counterparty bets on a bearish bitcoin. This all works well if ETH is the users’ domestic currency. However, if, as is the case for most investors, fiat currencies (like USD or EUR) are the users’ domestic currency, then one could actually lose money. One could lose money even if they predicted the correct market movement of bitcoin, because the user’s collateral will always be ETH regardless of the price. On the other hand, the user’s profit is capped at 100% gains, because Prism’s collateral matches the user’s. Thus, if one were to bet 1 ETH on Dash and Dash tripled in price, the maximum gain would not be 2 ETH but only 1 ETH. 2.3.4. Digix To the best of our knowledge, we are the first platform to build the necessary infrastructure to tokenize ETFs and REFs. The most comparable start-up to date, however, is Digix [12]. Digix, which is currently in development, tokenizes a real-world asset: physical gold. After depositing ETH into a smart contract, a new DGX token is created and the asset vendor delivers the gold to a custodian. An auditor then regularly verifies whether the gold is still in possession of the custodian. In the last whitepaper [13] we could find, it seems that Digix’s asset vendors receive investors’ funds before investors receive their gold. For example, if a great amount of gold is bought in a bearish crypto-market, the vendor either has to lend the money and wait until the audit is completed to receive investors’ funds or the vendor receives the payment in advance, which constitutes a potential risk for the buyer. 2.3.5. Proof Suite Proof Suite [14] is focusing on developing blockchain tools for tracking real-world assets. In their whitepaper, they present the benefits for companies and governments to replace existing systems with Proof Suite. They are trying to reduce bureaucratic procedures and make transactions more efficient. Nevertheless, 1 or any other cryptocurrency offered by Shapeshift’s Prism Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 they rely on change occurring within companies and the legal acceptance of their technology. Thus, if two parties were to trade real estate with Proof Suite and one of the parties decided to sell the same real estate to another party on the traditional market, legal problems accure. 2.4. Difference to Existing Projects 2.4.1. Legal Enforceability of Claims Brickblock enters a legally binding contract with every fund manager and every broker-dealer. In contrast to direct and trust-based investments in fund managers, this adds an additional layer of security for investors. On the Brickblock platform, every fund manager has a direct liability to the investor, which is enforceable through legal action. 2.4.2. Full Market Exposure We believe that CFDs and other derivatives rely too much on trust and moderate price trends. In the world of cryptocurrencies, where flash crashes [15] and price movements of >200% on a single day are a regular phenomenon, we consider CFDs no suitable instrument for mid- and long-term investments. Thus, Brickblock only allows physical shares, commodities and currencies instead of betting on derivatives. 2.4.3. Escrow-backed Security for Investors and Brokers (asset-first principle) Brickblock’s smart contracts will only release investors’ funds to the broker-dealer after the broker-dealer transfers the assets to the digital trust fund. This represents a new way of conducting clearing and settlement. Through automated smart contracts, the broker-dealer receives the investors’ funds immediately after transmitting the assets. Initially, until new broker-dealers trust Brickblock’s asset-first smart contracts, Brickblock will deposit the investor’s funds in escrow as collateral. Therefore, if a smart contract does not activate, the broker-dealer can claim the escrow. 2.4.4. Connecting Old and New Economy Brickblock builds a bridge from the traditional investment world into the digital realm. We are leveraging existing infrastructure to enable faster adoption of this new system. All Brickblock transactions are legally accepted and enforceable in a court of law. We believe a transition from old to new is best achieved by building bridges, not burning them. 3. Who is Brickblock for? 3.1. Private Investors Most importantly, Brickblock will help private investors diversify their portfolios beyond cryptocurrencies and tokens, reducing the overall risk. In addition to other benefits, this helps: • Significantly lower the costs of investing in REFs, ETFs, CMFs and CTFs through cutting out the middlemen and pooling investment volume, • Create steady returns in the form of dividends and coupons, • Hedge the systemic risk of a heated market, • Clarify fees, tracking errors and liquidity, • Minimize bureaucratic overhead, • Empower everyone to invest directly in global funds in every market, regardless of where funds or investors live. 3.2. Institutional Investors Brickblock will help institutional investors invest their funds in a diversified digital currency portfolio without having to worry about holding multiple wallets and handling a multitude of exchange platforms. 3.3. Fund managers 3.3.1. Real Estate Fund Managers Real estate fund Managers are responsible for a variety of tasks. Some of the most important of which are: supervising real estate acquisition; evaluating consultants, appraisers and property managers; designing financial models and formulating asset allocation strategies. In the traditional system, fund managers must pay enormous provisions to banks to sell their funds to custo Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 is interested in productive professional relationships and will help fund managers establish the initial management structure. Furthermore, Brickblock will work with third parties to pro-actively reduce potential legal and cyber security risks associated with the responsibility of being a fund manager. 3.4. Broker-Dealers Broker-Dealers, sometimes also referred to as "market makers", are liquidity providers at traditional stock exchanges. Most large institutional ETF block trades do not take place at exchanges, but over-the-counter (OTC) and are not visible to the public. This is especially the case for illiquid exotic ETF underlyings. In contrast to the immediate execution on exchanges, broker-dealers prefer to be asked for the price of specific products and quantities. They prepare all background hedging and internal risk exposure analyses before quoting and executing an order. The quoted price is often better than the bid ask offer on exchanges. The digital trust "request for quote" (RFQ) issued by the smart contract can be parsed and tokenized in a variety of industry standard formats, such as FIX [16] ensuring compatibility with existing processes and legacy integrations. Brickblock acts as a single counterpart against the broker-dealer. This simplifies compliance and set-up processes for broker-dealers. Brickblock will assist broker-dealers with a dedicated e-wallet application programming interface (API) solution. The focus is to radically reduce operational costs and enable delivery versus payment (DvP) support, including crypto-payments. Compliance costs (e.g. maintenance of segregated accounts), onboarding, settlement and know your customer (KYC) processes are also included, where applicable. The key is that broker-dealers are free to focus on the core business. Broker-dealers profit by increasing their trading volume of securities, and Brickblock improves the liquidity of the crypto-economy. 3.5. Commercial Paper Issuers Brickblock will help issuers enter the crypto-economy by integrating existing asset management legacy infrastructure and messaging standards for both issuance and distribution. There is a strong incentive in conventional paper issuance to move toward lower cost distribution models and reach international marketplaces. 4. The Platform 4.1. Tradeable assets on Brickblock After choosing a fund, the user deposits the payment into a smart contract. The smart contract controls all fees, minimum investment pools, exchange rates, holding periods, net asset values, dividends or coupon payments. Therefore, depending on the asset class, there are three different scenarios. 4.1.1. Real Estate Funds (REFs) Investing in real estate comes with major diversifi- cation potential, depending on both the users’ foreign exchange (FX) exposure and tax domicile. Our platform will enable fund managers to list real estate projects with high potential and help users to easily discover interesting opportunities. Each project will be carefully audited by independent parties to minimize fraud. Real estate funds (REFs) are actively managed by a fund manager. Depending on its underlying focus, the fund manager acquires a certain volume of real estate in certain cities, countries or continents across the globe. Real estate has two growth functions. First, there is the value of the real estate itself, which may potentially grow over time. Second, real estate produces a steady income in the form of rent, which is distributed to its shareholders via smart contracts or re-invested in new real estate, depending on user preference. By choosing a fund, users can influence the frequency of distributions and other factors such as costs and fees, area of investment, net asset value (NAV) and minimum investments. Brickblock will start with European REFs and subsequently extend into more locations. After the processes for REFs are established, we will further broaden the investment scope to also include real estate investment trusts (REITs) and real estate crowdfunding. 4.1.2. Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs) Exchange-traded funds are an interesting store of value for many investors. Unlike actively managed funds, the fees and costs are significantly lower since ETFs passively track rule-based indices like the S&P 500, the Nikkei or the Dax 30. Exchange-traded funds can also track commodities like gold and silver and have the advantage of being offered at nearwholesale prices without minimum purchase amounts. Exchange-traded funds outperform the returns of most actively managed funds that invest in company shares [17] and enable investors to diversify their portfolio, even with very little capital. By choosing their preferred ETFs, investors can actively decide in which Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 Figure 1. ETF/REF: User’s buying process markets to invest and spread their risk across different geographic locations and industries. Brickblock will start with the ETFs that track global indices and will then inquire after the community as to which ETFs to implement next. Brickblock will establish connections with and request quotes from different broker-dealers based on past pricing performance. This guarantees the best execution of orders. 4.1.3. Coin Managed Funds (CMF) Actively managed CMFs provide projects like Taas [4] the opportunity to offer their funds to the public. Fund managers can manage investors’ funds by selecting specific cryptocurrencies, day-trading, taking profits out of diversifying portfolios and the active distribution of funds. Conversely, users can decide which strategies and fund managers to trust. Each project will be carefully audited by independent parties to significantly minimize the risk of fraud. 4.1.4. Coin-traded Funds (CTF) Brickblock offers passively managed CTFs and tracking rule-based indices designed by fund managers and community members. One of these could be a Top 10 cryptocurrencies market cap CTF. The index would include the Top 10 cryptocurrencies weighted by market capitalization. Since no passive CTF currently exists, we are introducing a system based on passive ETFs, as explained in section 4.2.3 Further, a separate non-profit organization (NPO) is set up; leading members of the crypto-finance community are invited to join us in improving the system and standardizing processes. 4.2. Technical Setup The following framework describes the underlying technical processes. Our platform will be developed as a Dapp on top of the Ethereum blockchain. The Dapp will guide users through all of the investment steps. All Ethereum transactions relevant to Brickblock will additionally be backed up on our own blockchain, with only one public node for security reasons. 4.2.1. Real Estate Funds (REFs) and Exchangetraded Funds (ETFs) Figure 1 displays the detailed process of investing in real-world assets such as REFs and ETFs. After choosing an asset class, either REF or ETF, users can select a fund based on their investment preferences. Users will be informed about fees, frequency of distributions, areas of investment, current net asset value (NAV), minimum investment volume, performance or track record. Once users select a fund, they will be asked to deposit the desired investment amount into a smart contract. A minimal creation size helps reduce transaction costs and decouples the PoA tokens from the nominal value of the fund. After reaching the mini- Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 mal creation size, the broker-dealer places a fund order. The purchased securities are then deposited into a digital trust fund by the broker-dealer. Simultaneously, the custodian of the digital trust fund issues a cryptographically signed electronic document con- firming the receipt of assets. This document is veri- fied by the smart contract to ensure that the brokerdealer’s order matches the user’s order. If the orders match, the smart contract treats this as proof that the broker-dealer’s obligations are properly fulfilled. The smart contract subsequently releases the user’s deposited funds to the broker/dealer, and a PoA token to the user. This token serves as a proof of assets. The digital trust fund is only allowed to hold the securities for the actual beneficiary of the PoA token. If PoA token holders want to sell their assets, they can sell the PoA tokens on token exchanges like EtherDelta, iDex, 0x or withdraw the securities from the digital trust fund at any time after going through a KYC process provided by the bank. If dividends or coupons are issued by the fund, the custodian of the digital trust fund will send these proceeds to the selfexecuting smart contract, which will automatically allocate them to the respective token holders. 4.2.2. Active Coin Managed Funds (CMFs) Coin managed fund managers will be able to offer funding campaigns on our platform and manage funds by investing in different cryptocurrencies. A cryptographic audit infrastructure will thoroughly verify every new individual through, inter alia, proof of residence, credit report and criminal record. Furthermore, all trades will be recorded and stored safely. Users can choose between: 1. Fund managers who use secured accounts Users’ funds are transferred to secured accounts at trustful exchanges, where withdrawal functions are blocked. Users then receive PoA tokens in exchange for their funds. Through the use of secured accounts, the risk of fraud and private key loss are minimized. 2. Fund managers who use unsecured accounts For digital assets that are not traded over common exchanges, the fund manager receives the users’ funds from the smart contract into an unsecured account, controlled by the fund manager. Users again receive a PoA token in exchange. In this case, the legal contract between Brickblock and the fund manager protects users from fraud. In case of any irregularities, Brickblock is able to enforce users’ claims through legal action. The crypto-backed PoA token represents the invested funds actively managed by a fund manager. The fund manager diversifies the received funds into various other cryptocurrencies and tokens. Fund managers can choose from different fee structures: percentage of gains, percentage of funds managed or a fixed fee. Users can then choose a fund manager based on compliance with their desired fee structure and risk/reward ratio. After a predetermined trading time window, funds are transferred back to the smart contract, which then forwards them to the users’ Ethereum wallets, minus the fund manager’s fees. 4.2.3. Passive Coin-traded Funds (CTFs) The CTF concept maps the efficient ETF mechanism onto the blockchain. A CTF is a smart contract that tracks an underlying index of crypto-assets as closely as possible. The holdings of the digital trust fund, in the form of crypto-wallets, are stored in cold storage by a custodian. This is necessary because an Ethereum smart contract currently cannot reliably handle automated transactions with other blockchains. A CTF provides both a creation and a redemption basket, necessary for creating and redeeming tokens. The composition of these baskets helps rebalance the funds’ holdings according to the underlying index. The user first decides whether to buy the token via an exchange trade or using the creation mechanism. The Trading Process The investment process for passive CTFs is similar to investing in REFs and ETFs. Figure 2 illustrates the process flow in detail. Users can choose between different indexing methods designed by fund managers. The index is the basis for the CTF composition and determines risk and performance. Brickblock will support users by providing CTF factsheets with holdings, past performance and tracking quality of the CTF. Figure 2. CTF: User’s buying process The Creation Process To prevent trading and therefore, trading fees inside the CTF, we utilize liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs hold PoA tokens in their account and sell them on exchanges. Furthermore, LPs can create and redeem tokens from the fund. Figure 3 illustrates the process flow in detail. Tokens are created by sending the components speci- fied in the creation file to the custodian and the correspondent wallet addresses. If the correct basket is delivered to the wallets, an automated message is sent to the CTF smart contract and the PoA token is released. Liquidity providers help minimize the running Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 costs of trading and rebalancing inside the fund and take advantage of arbitrage effects on the market. If the CTF fund accepts cash redemptions (paying out ETH for PoA tokens), existing PoA token holders are charged for the resulting trading costs and thus, penalized. Therefore, LPs receive the assets of the redemption basket in return for the PoA token and must manage the trading themselves. Rather than buying PoA tokens via an exchange, users are allowed to use the creation mechanism as long as they hold all necessary assets. However, for unprofessional users, it is more convenient to buy already created tokens on token exchanges. Figure 3. CTF: User’s creation process All CTF-relevant entities are listed below: Users/Investors select in which CTF to invest and can trade PoA tokens on token exchanges. Moreover, users are allowed to create tokens by sending a "creation unit" to the CTF smart contract and receiving PoA tokens of the same value in return. Liquidity Providers (LPs) are at the center of the creation and redemption process of PoA tokens. They have the right to redeem PoA tokens against the fund’s holdings. To reduce trading within the CTF and save on transaction fees, the redemption units are consolidated into blocks of 5,000 tokens. Like users, LPs can create tokens by delivering the creation basket to the fund (the custodian wallets). In exchange, they receive the same value in PoA tokens. The LPs act as market makers on exchanges. To properly fulfill this role and react in a timely manner, the LPs hold PoA tokens in their own accounts. LPs act as a buffer between the investor and the fund. The number of LPs for one CTF is unlimited. Coin-traded Fund Smart Contracts seek to replicate the index as closely as possible. They publish the creation and redemption baskets on a daily basis. The baskets describe the assets necessary to create new tokens, or those which the LPs receive when a PoA token is redeemed. The creation and redemption baskets are designed to adjust the assets to the underlying index. Creation/Redemption Files describe the creation basket. It is the composition of the coins or tokens for creating new PoA Tokens. The creation/redemption file is released by the CTF smart contract. Underlying Indecies are the heart of the CTF. The CTF tries to track the index as closely as possible without tracking errors or differences. The methodology and rules of the index are designed by fund managers or index providers. These rules can be marketcap oriented, factor or momentum strategies. Every blockchain asset can be included within the index. Custodian The custodian holds the different crypto-wallets in cold storage. The transactions are automatically sent to the CTF smart contracts, which confirm receipt of the correct creation basket. 5. Tokens There are three types of tokens, all of which implementing the ERC20 token standard [18]. Detailed information about volume, distribution mechanism and the price of tokens will be released separately ahead of the contribution period. 5.1. Brickblock Tokens Brickblock tokens will only be released during the contribution period in exchange for ETH and Bitcoin. If the Brickblock tokens are stored in a special smart contract, the Brickblock token holder will receive a certain amount of access tokens per week until the Brickblock tokens are withdrawn from the smart contract. 5.2. Access Tokens Broker-dealers and fund managers need access tokens to list their fund on the Brickblock platform and to pay market-determined Brickblock fees when REFs, ETFs, CMFs or CTFs are sold. The access token is then burned. Brickblock will determine the amount of access tokens based on supply and demand. Brickblock is incentivized to establish the amount of access tokens needed in such a way so as to positively influence the usage of the platform, while still making a profit. All access token holders can act as competitors to Brickblock and sell their access tokens to broker-dealers and fund managers on the open market. Brickblock cannot increase fees without risking a decline in the number of trades conducted on the platform and cannot decrease fees without reducing its own profit. 5.3. Proof-of-Assets (PoA) Tokens For ETFs and REFs, PoA tokens represent real-world assets in the form of securities. For CMFs and CTFs, Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 they represent a claim to coin funds on a secured trading account or in the custodians’ wallets. Users receive a PoA token in return for every fund in which they invest, which represents a legally enforceable claim to the underlying assets. 6. Conclusion and Vision Brickblock is an inclusive investment platform that empowers people from all income classes to diversify their crypto-portfolio with real-world assets like ETFs and REFs. We will provide legal frameworks to directly link these assets to our PoA tokens. Furthermore, Brickblock will lead the development of passively managed CTFs, as well as offer actively managed CMFs. At Brickblock, we strongly believe that digital currencies are the future. The monetary system and the financial services industry are extremely old-fashioned and ripe for disruption [?]. It still takes 5 days for an international money transfer to crawl through the SWIFT network, originally created in 1973 [?], and it still takes 2 days to complete clearing and settlement processes of asset-transfers. Present technology is far more advanced than the heavily outdated regulatory frameworks of sluggish banks. Various members of the Brickblock team have spent several years working professionally in conventional asset management and understand the processes and issues of trading and settlement. The asset management and global custody ecosystem is highly complex, extremely cost intensive in a multitude of ways (execution, reconciliation, allocation settlement etc.) and exceptionally exclusive. Our mission is to change that. We believe that by including more people in the global economy and enabling them to invest their money however they like, everyone will win: investors will pay significantly lower fees, have more options to hedge volatility and risks that accompany the digital economy and bypass unfair local jurisdictions. Furthermore, trusted brokers/dealers and fund managers will obtain an entirely new group of financiers, and underfinanced companies and industries will gain access to new capital. Incumbent banks neither have the ability nor the incentive to free themselves from the burden of the status quo. They lack vision. Any attempt to innovate would meet with disapproval from the board. So it is up to us, the crypto-community, to use the aspiring blockchain technology to eliminate the faults of the old economy and to develop tools which make it simple, affordable and safe to access the instruments currently reserved for the financial class. It is up to us, to create a system that gives everyone access to real-world assets and to participate in profiting from global economic progress. No matter where and no matter if you have a bank account or not. It is up to us, to make trading, clearing and settlement with any kind of assets as easy and secure as transferring a bitcoin. If you are interested in shaping the future of investing with us: We are always looking for talented people to help us in making the crypto-world better, safer and more inclusive. Get in touch. 7. Glossary Access Token: An Access Token is used by brokerdealers and fund managers to pay the platform service fees. Brickblock Token: A Brickblock Token is received in the contribution period and is the only way to generate access tokens. Broker-dealer: A Broker-dealer is an entity that trades securities for its own account or on behalf of its customers. Broker-dealers are often marketmakers and authorized participants in the ETF market; they act as liquidity providers on exchanges. CFD: A "contract for difference" allows traders to speculate on the movement of an asset price without owning the underlying. A buyer and seller devise a contract to exchange the difference in the current value of the underlyings. CMF: A "coin managed fund" is the cryptoequivalent of an actively managed investment fund, where the portfolio manager chooses the fund’s investments. CTF: A "coin-traded fund" is the crypto-equivalent of an ETF; it is a passively managed basket of different cryptocurrencies. CTF Constituents: The constituents of a CTF are the holdings of the fund. Creation Basket: A creation basket is the exact list of assets that need to be sent to the CTF to create a PoA Token. Creation File: The Creation File contains the details of the creation basket. Custodian: A custodian holds the assets for a fund. The assets (cash and securities) of a fund must be maintained in the cash/securities account opened in the name of that fund. Dapp: A "decentralized app" is an application that runs predominantly on the blockchain. DVP: "Delivery versus payment" is a securities settlement procedure in which the transfer of the securities and payments occur simultaneously and no party holds both at the same time. ERC20 Token: The ERC20 token is a widely tradable token that implements the ERC20 standard. [18] Brickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02 ETF: An "exchange-traded fund" is an investment fund traded on exchange, which passively tracks a rule-based index. LP: A "liquidity provider" provides liquidity for proof-of-asset tokens on exchanges. The LP can create and redeem CTF tokens against the portfolio holdings. NAV: The "net asset value" is the current value of the fund holdings divided by the number of shares. The NAV therefore, is the price of one of the fund’s shares. The NAV is calculated on a daily basis at a fixed time. OTC: "Over-the-counter", within a trading context, means that the trade is not executed on an exchange, but privately in a dealer network or over the phone. PoA Token: A "Proof-of-Asset" Token represents a real-world asset in the form of securities or, in the case of CTFs, the right to Coin funds on a certain secured trading account REF: A "real estate fund" invests directly in commercial and residential property. Most REFs focus on a specific type of assets (e.g. luxury housing) or region (e.g. Europe). REIT: A "real estate investment trust" is a company that, in most cases, owns and operates income-producing real estate assets. Some REITs provide loans to the owners and operators of real estate. RFQ: "Request for quote" describes the process of sending standardized quote requests to select brokerage firms. The quote is constantly updated and the processing can be fully automated. Smart Contract: Smart contracts are computer protocols that have fixed if-then relations, therefore facilitating contract design and enforcement. References [1] https://www.ey.com/ [2] https://etherscan.io/chart/blocktime [3] https://medium.com/@Brickblock/brickblock-willlead-the-way-in-making-investing-more-financiallyinclusive-around-the-world-97952f80925d [4] https://taas.fund [5] https://taas.fund/media/whitepaper.pdf [6] https://www.ambisafe.co [7] https://ca.taas.fund/wallets/dashboard [8] https://www.melonport.com [9] https://github.com/melonproject/greenpaper/blob/master/melonprotocol.pdf [10] https://www.dash.org/blockchain-explorers/ [11] https://info.shapeshift.io/blog/2017/05/21/introducingprism-worlds-first-trustless-portfolio-market-platform [12] https://www.digix.io [13] https://dgx.io/whitepaper.pdf [14] https://www.proofsuite.com [15] https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2017/06/23/ethereums- flash-crash-shows-hazards-of-tradingcryptocurrencies/ [16] http://www.fixtradingcommunity.org/pg/structure/techspecs [17] https://www.justetf.com/uk/news/passiveinvesting/the-proof-that-active-managers-cannotbeat-the-market.html [18] https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20 [19] https://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2017/02/24/isthe-financial-services-industry-ripe-fordisruption/#e474e5378af2 [20] https://www.swift.com/about-us/history DISCLAIMER: This Brickblock whitepaper is for information purposes only and is subject to change. Brickblock does not guarantee the accuracy of or the conclusions reached in this white paper, and this whitepaper is provided "as is". Brickblock does not make and expressly disclaims all representations and warranties, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, whatsoever, including, but not limited to: (i) warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, suitability, usage, title or non-infringement; (ii) that the contents of this white paper are free from error; and (iii) that such contents will not infringe third-party rights. Brickblock and its affiliates shall have no liability for damages of any kind arising out of the use, reference to, or reliance on this white paper or any of the content contained herein, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. In no event will Brickblock or its affiliates be liable to any person or entity for any damages, losses, liabilities, costs or expenses of any kind, whether direct or indirect, consequential, compensatory, incidental, actual, exemplary, punitive or special for the use of, reference to, or reliance on this whitepaper or any of the content contained herein, including, without limitation, any loss of business, revenues, profits, data, use, goodwill or other intangible losses. |
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| parent author | |
| parent permlink | crypto |
| permlink | brickblock |
| title | Brickblock |
| Transaction Info | Block #22199698/Trx 86ae481e51092660df1aaaac3ffaaa35d66ff775 |
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"body": "Brickblock general Whitepaper\nJakob Drzazga, Martin Mischke, Holger Schlünzen, Philip Paetz\[email protected]\nAbstract\nBrickblock is building a new blockchain-based solution for investing in exchange-traded funds (ETFs),\nreal estate funds (REFs), passive coin-traded funds (CTFs) and active coin managed funds (CMFs).\nThrough the effective use of smart contracts, order and issuing fees can be reduced to a fraction of\ntraditional costs. This will make investing in Brickblock more financially inclusive across all income\nclasses. Artificial geographical trading restrictions, including the need for a bank account, can thus\nbe eliminated. Counterparty risk can be reduced to mere minutes. Furthermore, we are introducing\na new system of passively managed cryptocurrency baskets, which reduces the risks and high fees of\nactively managed coin funds by using liquidity providers, incentivized by arbitrage effects. Our system\nis based on an underlying rule-based asset allocation rather than high-risk contracts for difference\n(CFDs). It uses the asset-first principle, which incentivizes asset vendors to deliver assets before\ngetting paid, thus further reducing investor risk.\n1. Introduction - How does Brickblock\nwork?\nAt present, the crypto-economy is possibly one of the\nmost volatile economies. Investors can make 10x gains\nin one month only to lose it all the next month. Thus\nfar, there have only been a limited number of ways\nto diversify crypto-portfolios to mitigate these risks.\nReal diversification, across multiple asset classes, is\nessential for a well-balanced portfolio.\nBrickblock introduces the first platform where users\ncan seamlessly invest in real estate funds (REFs),\nexchange-traded funds (ETFs), passive coin-traded\nfunds (CTF) and active coin managed funds (CMFs)\nthrough a streamlined process and with significantly\nlower costs than traditional investing.\nEach fund on the Brickblock platform has its own\ndenomination and its own \"proof-of-asset\" (PoA) token\nwhich, via established token exchange platforms,\ncan be traded simpler, faster and cheaper than on\nconventional stock markets. Our asset-backed PoA\ntokens empower investors to hedge the risk of cryptocurrencies\nin real assets without needing to convert\ntheir cryptocurrency into a fiat currency. All dividends\nand coupons are automatically transferred to\ntoken-holders through self-executing smart contracts\nCopyright (c) 2017 brickblock.io Without permission, anyone\nmay use, reproduce or distribute any material in this whitepaper\nfor non-commercial and educational use (i.e., other than\nfor a fee or for commercial purposes) provided that the original\nsource and the applicable copyright notice are cited.\non the Ethereum network. The content of the smart\ncontract and the PoA token itself is unalterable, cryptographically\nsecured and visible to everyone on the\nblockchain.\nTo ensure the safety of the underlying assets represented\nby the PoA token, a digital trust fund holds\nthe exact same amount of fund shares as tokens issued.\nThis securities account cannot be claimed by\nBrickblock, the broker or anyone else, and is protected\nby strict laws regarding trust funds, even in the case\nof bankruptcy. Only token holders may reclaim their\nfund shares, at any time.\nBrickblock’s infrastructure will be implemented as\na decentralized application (Dapp) and run on the\nEthereum network. Broker-dealers and fund managers\nwill be able to list their investment opportunities\non the platform, after being thoroughly verified by\nBrickblock through e.g. proof of residence, credit reports\nand criminal record. Based on their personal\nrisk/reward ratio, investors can then select an investment\nfrom the offered funds to add to their diversified\nportfolio. All fees, minimum investment pools,\nexchange rates, holding periods, net asset values, dividends\nor coupon payments will be listed clearly and\nthus, can easily be compared. All investment opportunities\nwill be carefully validated and audited by independent\nparties (such as EY [1]) to eliminate fraud.\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\n2. Market Analysis\n2.1. Current Problems in the Market\n2.1.1. High Volatility\nCryptocurrencies are extremely volatile and, due to\ntheir limited acceptance in the traditional economy,\ninvestors have almost no options to disperse their risk.\nMoney has three important properties: It serves as\na store of value, a medium of exchange and a unit\nof account. Currently, cryptocurrencies are primarily\nused as a store of value. The use of cryptocurrencies\nas a medium of exchange and as a unit of account is\nstill in a very early stage. This means that there are\nlimited options to escape the volatility of its value. At\npresent, the only real way out is to reconvert into a\nfiat currency.\n2.1.2. Counterparty Risk\nWhen the counterparty does not possess the necessary\nfunds or assets to settle a trade, this is known as\n\"counterparty risk\", also \"default risk\".\nIn traditional asset trading, clearing and settlement\nprocesses take three days. On the first day, a broker\nmakes a deal with the counterparty on th\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\n2.2.5. No Safe Possibility of Crypto Basket Investments\nFor actively managed CMFs, Brickblock will enter\nlegally binding contracts with fund managers, verify\nthem thoroughly and implement a cryptographic audit\nstructure. We, not the fund managers, will commission\nindependent auditors to prevent any potential\nconflicts of interest between fund managers and auditors.\nFor passively managed CTFs, rule-based fund indices\nin conjunction with the arbitrage phenomenon\nof foreign exchange (FX) markets are leveraged to obviate\nactive fund managers and decentralize trades\ntoward liquidity providers. Therefore, human error is\nminimized.\n2.3. Market Review\nIn the past years, many token-funded startups have\nannounced the development of financial tools to help\ntraders and investors diversify within the cryptocurrency\nmarket. In this section, we are going to examine\nseveral of these projects and highlight possible\nimprovements. However, the purpose of this is not to\ndevalue the competition, we merely seek to illustrate\nour motivation for developing our own solution, i.e.\nto address these problems. We have the highest respect\nfor everyone that is sincerely trying to move the\ncrypto-community forward and deeply believe that\nthere is enough room for many innovative players in\nthis field.\n2.3.1. Taas\nTaas [4] is a stand-alone, closed-end crypto-fund. Its\nwhitepaper [5] states that they have built a cryptographic\naudit system with Ambisafe [6]. Users are\nable to track the trades of Taas on their website. We\ncould not find any details about this system besides\nthe trade records, which are made public on a subpage\n[7]. From an investor’s perspective, however, there is\nno legal contract between the user and Taas, which\ncarries potential risks.\n2.3.2. Melonport\nMelonport [8] is an open source protocol (initially\nbased on Ethereum and currently in development)\nthat aims to simplify the process of developing portfolios\nof different cryptocurrencies for investors. Fund\nmanagers, on the other hand, can easily select what\ncryptocurrencies they want to buy. In comparison to\nTaas, the Melon Protocol, if executed safely in smart\ncontracts, will eliminate the trust aspect. However, as\nfar as we could interpret from the green paper [9], it\nis mostly based on contracts for difference (CFDs)\nfor non-ERC20 tokens and coins. Since investments\ncan only be made in Melons or ETH, users are heavily\ndependent on the stability of these two tokens. If,\nfor example, a fund manager purchases a certain volume\nof Dash [10], no actual Dash tokens are being\nheld by the user. From an investor’s perspective, this\nmeans that there is a potential risk of not receiving\nthe equivalent value of Dash if the Melons or ETH\ncollateral cannot cover the gains or losses.\n2.3.3. Shapeshift’s Prism\nPrism [11] is also based on Ethereum. The user and a\ncounterparty both deposit an equal amount of ETH\ninto a Prism smart contract, which serves as collateral\nand is therefore also a contract for difference (CFD).\nThe user bets, for example, on a bullish bitcoin1 and\nthe counterparty bets on a bearish bitcoin. This all\nworks well if ETH is the users’ domestic currency.\nHowever, if, as is the case for most investors, fiat currencies\n(like USD or EUR) are the users’ domestic currency,\nthen one could actually lose money. One could\nlose money even if they predicted the correct market\nmovement of bitcoin, because the user’s collateral will\nalways be ETH regardless of the price. On the other\nhand, the user’s profit is capped at 100% gains, because\nPrism’s collateral matches the user’s. Thus, if\none were to bet 1 ETH on Dash and Dash tripled in\nprice, the maximum gain would not be 2 ETH but\nonly 1 ETH.\n2.3.4. Digix\nTo the best of our knowledge, we are the first platform\nto build the necessary infrastructure to tokenize\nETFs and REFs. The most comparable start-up to\ndate, however, is Digix [12]. Digix, which is currently\nin development, tokenizes a real-world asset: physical\ngold. After depositing ETH into a smart contract, a\nnew DGX token is created and the asset vendor delivers\nthe gold to a custodian. An auditor then regularly\nverifies whether the gold is still in possession of the\ncustodian. In the last whitepaper [13] we could find,\nit seems that Digix’s asset vendors receive investors’\nfunds before investors receive their gold. For example,\nif a great amount of gold is bought in a bearish\ncrypto-market, the vendor either has to lend the\nmoney and wait until the audit is completed to receive\ninvestors’ funds or the vendor receives the payment\nin advance, which constitutes a potential risk for the\nbuyer.\n2.3.5. Proof Suite\nProof Suite [14] is focusing on developing blockchain\ntools for tracking real-world assets. In their whitepaper,\nthey present the benefits for companies and governments\nto replace existing systems with Proof Suite.\nThey are trying to reduce bureaucratic procedures\nand make transactions more efficient. Nevertheless,\n1 or any other cryptocurrency offered by Shapeshift’s Prism\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\nthey rely on change occurring within companies\nand the legal acceptance of their technology.\nThus, if two parties were to trade real estate with\nProof Suite and one of the parties decided to sell the\nsame real estate to another party on the traditional\nmarket, legal problems accure.\n2.4. Difference to Existing Projects\n2.4.1. Legal Enforceability of Claims\nBrickblock enters a legally binding contract with\nevery fund manager and every broker-dealer. In contrast\nto direct and trust-based investments in fund\nmanagers, this adds an additional layer of security\nfor investors. On the Brickblock platform, every fund\nmanager has a direct liability to the investor, which\nis enforceable through legal action.\n2.4.2. Full Market Exposure\nWe believe that CFDs and other derivatives rely too\nmuch on trust and moderate price trends. In the\nworld of cryptocurrencies, where flash crashes [15]\nand price movements of >200% on a single day are\na regular phenomenon, we consider CFDs no suitable\ninstrument for mid- and long-term investments.\nThus, Brickblock only allows physical shares,\ncommodities and currencies instead of betting on\nderivatives.\n2.4.3. Escrow-backed Security for Investors and\nBrokers (asset-first principle)\nBrickblock’s smart contracts will only release investors’\nfunds to the broker-dealer after the\nbroker-dealer transfers the assets to the digital\ntrust fund. This represents a new way of conducting\nclearing and settlement. Through automated\nsmart contracts, the broker-dealer receives the investors’\nfunds immediately after transmitting the assets.\nInitially, until new broker-dealers trust Brickblock’s\nasset-first smart contracts, Brickblock will\ndeposit the investor’s funds in escrow as collateral.\nTherefore, if a smart contract does not activate, the\nbroker-dealer can claim the escrow.\n2.4.4. Connecting Old and New Economy\nBrickblock builds a bridge from the traditional investment\nworld into the digital realm. We are leveraging\nexisting infrastructure to enable faster adoption\nof this new system. All Brickblock transactions are\nlegally accepted and enforceable in a court of law.\nWe believe a transition from old to new is best\nachieved by building bridges, not burning them.\n3. Who is Brickblock for?\n3.1. Private Investors\nMost importantly, Brickblock will help private investors\ndiversify their portfolios beyond cryptocurrencies\nand tokens, reducing the overall risk. In addition\nto other benefits, this helps:\n• Significantly lower the costs of investing in REFs,\nETFs, CMFs and CTFs through cutting out the\nmiddlemen and pooling investment volume,\n• Create steady returns in the form of dividends and\ncoupons,\n• Hedge the systemic risk of a heated market,\n• Clarify fees, tracking errors and liquidity,\n• Minimize bureaucratic overhead,\n• Empower everyone to invest directly in global\nfunds in every market, regardless of where funds\nor investors live.\n3.2. Institutional Investors\nBrickblock will help institutional investors invest their\nfunds in a diversified digital currency portfolio without\nhaving to worry about holding multiple wallets\nand handling a multitude of exchange platforms.\n3.3. Fund managers\n3.3.1. Real Estate Fund Managers\nReal estate fund Managers are responsible for a variety\nof tasks. Some of the most important of which are:\nsupervising real estate acquisition; evaluating consultants,\nappraisers and property managers; designing\nfinancial models and formulating asset allocation\nstrategies.\nIn the traditional system, fund managers must pay\nenormous provisions to banks to sell their funds to\ncusto\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\nis interested in productive professional relationships\nand will help fund managers establish the initial management\nstructure. Furthermore, Brickblock will work\nwith third parties to pro-actively reduce potential legal\nand cyber security risks associated with the responsibility\nof being a fund manager.\n3.4. Broker-Dealers\nBroker-Dealers, sometimes also referred to as \"market\nmakers\", are liquidity providers at traditional stock\nexchanges. Most large institutional ETF block trades\ndo not take place at exchanges, but over-the-counter\n(OTC) and are not visible to the public. This is especially\nthe case for illiquid exotic ETF underlyings.\nIn contrast to the immediate execution on exchanges,\nbroker-dealers prefer to be asked for the price of specific\nproducts and quantities. They prepare all background\nhedging and internal risk exposure analyses\nbefore quoting and executing an order. The quoted\nprice is often better than the bid ask offer on exchanges.\nThe digital trust \"request for quote\" (RFQ) issued\nby the smart contract can be parsed and tokenized in\na variety of industry standard formats, such as FIX\n[16] ensuring compatibility with existing processes\nand legacy integrations. Brickblock acts as a single\ncounterpart against the broker-dealer. This simplifies\ncompliance and set-up processes for broker-dealers.\nBrickblock will assist broker-dealers with a dedicated\ne-wallet application programming interface (API) solution.\nThe focus is to radically reduce operational costs\nand enable delivery versus payment (DvP) support,\nincluding crypto-payments. Compliance costs (e.g.\nmaintenance of segregated accounts), onboarding, settlement\nand know your customer (KYC) processes\nare also included, where applicable. The key is that\nbroker-dealers are free to focus on the core business.\nBroker-dealers profit by increasing their trading volume\nof securities, and Brickblock improves the liquidity\nof the crypto-economy.\n3.5. Commercial Paper Issuers\nBrickblock will help issuers enter the crypto-economy\nby integrating existing asset management legacy infrastructure\nand messaging standards for both issuance\nand distribution. There is a strong incentive\nin conventional paper issuance to move toward lower\ncost distribution models and reach international marketplaces.\n4. The Platform\n4.1. Tradeable assets on Brickblock\nAfter choosing a fund, the user deposits the payment\ninto a smart contract. The smart contract controls\nall fees, minimum investment pools, exchange rates,\nholding periods, net asset values, dividends or coupon\npayments. Therefore, depending on the asset class,\nthere are three different scenarios.\n4.1.1. Real Estate Funds (REFs)\nInvesting in real estate comes with major diversifi-\ncation potential, depending on both the users’ foreign\nexchange (FX) exposure and tax domicile. Our\nplatform will enable fund managers to list real estate\nprojects with high potential and help users to easily\ndiscover interesting opportunities. Each project will\nbe carefully audited by independent parties to minimize\nfraud.\nReal estate funds (REFs) are actively managed by\na fund manager. Depending on its underlying focus,\nthe fund manager acquires a certain volume of real\nestate in certain cities, countries or continents across\nthe globe.\nReal estate has two growth functions. First, there\nis the value of the real estate itself, which may potentially\ngrow over time. Second, real estate produces a\nsteady income in the form of rent, which is distributed\nto its shareholders via smart contracts or re-invested\nin new real estate, depending on user preference. By\nchoosing a fund, users can influence the frequency of\ndistributions and other factors such as costs and fees,\narea of investment, net asset value (NAV) and minimum\ninvestments.\nBrickblock will start with European REFs and\nsubsequently extend into more locations. After the\nprocesses for REFs are established, we will further\nbroaden the investment scope to also include real estate\ninvestment trusts (REITs) and real estate crowdfunding.\n4.1.2. Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs)\nExchange-traded funds are an interesting store of\nvalue for many investors. Unlike actively managed\nfunds, the fees and costs are significantly lower since\nETFs passively track rule-based indices like the S&P\n500, the Nikkei or the Dax 30. Exchange-traded\nfunds can also track commodities like gold and silver\nand have the advantage of being offered at nearwholesale\nprices without minimum purchase amounts.\nExchange-traded funds outperform the returns of\nmost actively managed funds that invest in company\nshares [17] and enable investors to diversify their portfolio,\neven with very little capital. By choosing their\npreferred ETFs, investors can actively decide in which\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\nFigure 1. ETF/REF: User’s buying process\nmarkets to invest and spread their risk across different\ngeographic locations and industries.\nBrickblock will start with the ETFs that track\nglobal indices and will then inquire after the community\nas to which ETFs to implement next. Brickblock\nwill establish connections with and request quotes\nfrom different broker-dealers based on past pricing\nperformance. This guarantees the best execution of\norders.\n4.1.3. Coin Managed Funds (CMF)\nActively managed CMFs provide projects like Taas\n[4] the opportunity to offer their funds to the public.\nFund managers can manage investors’ funds by selecting\nspecific cryptocurrencies, day-trading, taking\nprofits out of diversifying portfolios and the active distribution\nof funds. Conversely, users can decide which\nstrategies and fund managers to trust. Each project\nwill be carefully audited by independent parties to\nsignificantly minimize the risk of fraud.\n4.1.4. Coin-traded Funds (CTF)\nBrickblock offers passively managed CTFs and tracking\nrule-based indices designed by fund managers and\ncommunity members. One of these could be a Top 10\ncryptocurrencies market cap CTF. The index would\ninclude the Top 10 cryptocurrencies weighted by market\ncapitalization. Since no passive CTF currently exists,\nwe are introducing a system based on passive\nETFs, as explained in section 4.2.3\nFurther, a separate non-profit organization (NPO)\nis set up; leading members of the crypto-finance community\nare invited to join us in improving the system\nand standardizing processes.\n4.2. Technical Setup\nThe following framework describes the underlying\ntechnical processes. Our platform will be developed as\na Dapp on top of the Ethereum blockchain. The Dapp\nwill guide users through all of the investment steps.\nAll Ethereum transactions relevant to Brickblock will\nadditionally be backed up on our own blockchain, with\nonly one public node for security reasons.\n4.2.1. Real Estate Funds (REFs) and Exchangetraded\nFunds (ETFs)\nFigure 1 displays the detailed process of investing in\nreal-world assets such as REFs and ETFs.\nAfter choosing an asset class, either REF or ETF,\nusers can select a fund based on their investment preferences.\nUsers will be informed about fees, frequency\nof distributions, areas of investment, current net asset\nvalue (NAV), minimum investment volume, performance\nor track record.\nOnce users select a fund, they will be asked to deposit\nthe desired investment amount into a smart contract.\nA minimal creation size helps reduce transaction\ncosts and decouples the PoA tokens from the\nnominal value of the fund. After reaching the mini-\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\nmal creation size, the broker-dealer places a fund order.\nThe purchased securities are then deposited into\na digital trust fund by the broker-dealer. Simultaneously,\nthe custodian of the digital trust fund issues\na cryptographically signed electronic document con-\nfirming the receipt of assets. This document is veri-\nfied by the smart contract to ensure that the brokerdealer’s\norder matches the user’s order. If the orders\nmatch, the smart contract treats this as proof that\nthe broker-dealer’s obligations are properly fulfilled.\nThe smart contract subsequently releases the user’s\ndeposited funds to the broker/dealer, and a PoA token\nto the user. This token serves as a proof of assets.\nThe digital trust fund is only allowed to hold the\nsecurities for the actual beneficiary of the PoA token.\nIf PoA token holders want to sell their assets,\nthey can sell the PoA tokens on token exchanges like\nEtherDelta, iDex, 0x or withdraw the securities from\nthe digital trust fund at any time after going through\na KYC process provided by the bank. If dividends or\ncoupons are issued by the fund, the custodian of the\ndigital trust fund will send these proceeds to the selfexecuting\nsmart contract, which will automatically allocate\nthem to the respective token holders.\n4.2.2. Active Coin Managed Funds (CMFs)\nCoin managed fund managers will be able to offer\nfunding campaigns on our platform and manage funds\nby investing in different cryptocurrencies. A cryptographic\naudit infrastructure will thoroughly verify every\nnew individual through, inter alia, proof of residence,\ncredit report and criminal record. Furthermore,\nall trades will be recorded and stored safely. Users can\nchoose between:\n1. Fund managers who use secured accounts\nUsers’ funds are transferred to secured accounts\nat trustful exchanges, where withdrawal functions\nare blocked. Users then receive PoA tokens in exchange\nfor their funds. Through the use of secured\naccounts, the risk of fraud and private key loss are\nminimized.\n2. Fund managers who use unsecured accounts\nFor digital assets that are not traded over common\nexchanges, the fund manager receives the\nusers’ funds from the smart contract into an unsecured\naccount, controlled by the fund manager.\nUsers again receive a PoA token in exchange. In\nthis case, the legal contract between Brickblock and\nthe fund manager protects users from fraud. In case\nof any irregularities, Brickblock is able to enforce\nusers’ claims through legal action.\nThe crypto-backed PoA token represents the invested\nfunds actively managed by a fund manager.\nThe fund manager diversifies the received funds into\nvarious other cryptocurrencies and tokens.\nFund managers can choose from different fee structures:\npercentage of gains, percentage of funds managed\nor a fixed fee. Users can then choose a fund manager\nbased on compliance with their desired fee structure\nand risk/reward ratio.\nAfter a predetermined trading time window, funds\nare transferred back to the smart contract, which then\nforwards them to the users’ Ethereum wallets, minus\nthe fund manager’s fees.\n4.2.3. Passive Coin-traded Funds (CTFs)\nThe CTF concept maps the efficient ETF mechanism\nonto the blockchain. A CTF is a smart contract\nthat tracks an underlying index of crypto-assets\nas closely as possible. The holdings of the digital\ntrust fund, in the form of crypto-wallets, are stored\nin cold storage by a custodian. This is necessary because\nan Ethereum smart contract currently cannot\nreliably handle automated transactions with other\nblockchains. A CTF provides both a creation and a redemption\nbasket, necessary for creating and redeeming\ntokens. The composition of these baskets helps\nrebalance the funds’ holdings according to the underlying\nindex.\nThe user first decides whether to buy the token via\nan exchange trade or using the creation mechanism.\nThe Trading Process The investment process for\npassive CTFs is similar to investing in REFs and\nETFs. Figure 2 illustrates the process flow in detail.\nUsers can choose between different indexing methods\ndesigned by fund managers. The index is the basis for\nthe CTF composition and determines risk and performance.\nBrickblock will support users by providing\nCTF factsheets with holdings, past performance and\ntracking quality of the CTF.\nFigure 2. CTF: User’s buying process\nThe Creation Process To prevent trading and\ntherefore, trading fees inside the CTF, we utilize liquidity\nproviders (LPs). The LPs hold PoA tokens in\ntheir account and sell them on exchanges. Furthermore,\nLPs can create and redeem tokens from the\nfund. Figure 3 illustrates the process flow in detail.\nTokens are created by sending the components speci-\nfied in the creation file to the custodian and the correspondent\nwallet addresses. If the correct basket is\ndelivered to the wallets, an automated message is sent\nto the CTF smart contract and the PoA token is released.\nLiquidity providers help minimize the running\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\ncosts of trading and rebalancing inside the fund and\ntake advantage of arbitrage effects on the market.\nIf the CTF fund accepts cash redemptions (paying\nout ETH for PoA tokens), existing PoA token holders\nare charged for the resulting trading costs and thus,\npenalized. Therefore, LPs receive the assets of the redemption\nbasket in return for the PoA token and must\nmanage the trading themselves.\nRather than buying PoA tokens via an exchange,\nusers are allowed to use the creation mechanism as\nlong as they hold all necessary assets. However, for\nunprofessional users, it is more convenient to buy already\ncreated tokens on token exchanges.\nFigure 3. CTF: User’s creation process\nAll CTF-relevant entities are listed below:\nUsers/Investors select in which CTF to invest and\ncan trade PoA tokens on token exchanges. Moreover,\nusers are allowed to create tokens by sending a \"creation\nunit\" to the CTF smart contract and receiving\nPoA tokens of the same value in return.\nLiquidity Providers (LPs) are at the center of\nthe creation and redemption process of PoA tokens.\nThey have the right to redeem PoA tokens against\nthe fund’s holdings. To reduce trading within the CTF\nand save on transaction fees, the redemption units are\nconsolidated into blocks of 5,000 tokens. Like users,\nLPs can create tokens by delivering the creation basket\nto the fund (the custodian wallets). In exchange,\nthey receive the same value in PoA tokens.\nThe LPs act as market makers on exchanges. To\nproperly fulfill this role and react in a timely manner,\nthe LPs hold PoA tokens in their own accounts. LPs\nact as a buffer between the investor and the fund. The\nnumber of LPs for one CTF is unlimited.\nCoin-traded Fund Smart Contracts seek to\nreplicate the index as closely as possible. They publish\nthe creation and redemption baskets on a daily basis.\nThe baskets describe the assets necessary to create\nnew tokens, or those which the LPs receive when a\nPoA token is redeemed. The creation and redemption\nbaskets are designed to adjust the assets to the underlying\nindex.\nCreation/Redemption Files describe the creation\nbasket. It is the composition of the coins\nor tokens for creating new PoA Tokens. The creation/redemption\nfile is released by the CTF smart\ncontract.\nUnderlying Indecies are the heart of the CTF.\nThe CTF tries to track the index as closely as possible\nwithout tracking errors or differences. The methodology\nand rules of the index are designed by fund managers\nor index providers. These rules can be marketcap\noriented, factor or momentum strategies. Every\nblockchain asset can be included within the index.\nCustodian The custodian holds the different\ncrypto-wallets in cold storage. The transactions are\nautomatically sent to the CTF smart contracts, which\nconfirm receipt of the correct creation basket.\n5. Tokens\nThere are three types of tokens, all of which implementing\nthe ERC20 token standard [18]. Detailed information\nabout volume, distribution mechanism and\nthe price of tokens will be released separately ahead\nof the contribution period.\n5.1. Brickblock Tokens\nBrickblock tokens will only be released during the contribution\nperiod in exchange for ETH and Bitcoin. If\nthe Brickblock tokens are stored in a special smart\ncontract, the Brickblock token holder will receive a\ncertain amount of access tokens per week until the\nBrickblock tokens are withdrawn from the smart contract.\n5.2. Access Tokens\nBroker-dealers and fund managers need access tokens\nto list their fund on the Brickblock platform and to\npay market-determined Brickblock fees when REFs,\nETFs, CMFs or CTFs are sold. The access token is\nthen burned. Brickblock will determine the amount\nof access tokens based on supply and demand.\nBrickblock is incentivized to establish the amount\nof access tokens needed in such a way so as to positively\ninfluence the usage of the platform, while still\nmaking a profit. All access token holders can act as\ncompetitors to Brickblock and sell their access tokens\nto broker-dealers and fund managers on the open market.\nBrickblock cannot increase fees without risking\na decline in the number of trades conducted on the\nplatform and cannot decrease fees without reducing\nits own profit.\n5.3. Proof-of-Assets (PoA) Tokens\nFor ETFs and REFs, PoA tokens represent real-world\nassets in the form of securities. For CMFs and CTFs,\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\nthey represent a claim to coin funds on a secured trading\naccount or in the custodians’ wallets. Users receive\na PoA token in return for every fund in which they\ninvest, which represents a legally enforceable claim to\nthe underlying assets.\n6. Conclusion and Vision\nBrickblock is an inclusive investment platform that\nempowers people from all income classes to diversify\ntheir crypto-portfolio with real-world assets like ETFs\nand REFs. We will provide legal frameworks to directly\nlink these assets to our PoA tokens. Furthermore,\nBrickblock will lead the development of passively\nmanaged CTFs, as well as offer actively managed\nCMFs.\nAt Brickblock, we strongly believe that digital currencies\nare the future. The monetary system and the\nfinancial services industry are extremely old-fashioned\nand ripe for disruption [?]. It still takes 5 days for\nan international money transfer to crawl through the\nSWIFT network, originally created in 1973 [?], and it\nstill takes 2 days to complete clearing and settlement\nprocesses of asset-transfers. Present technology is far\nmore advanced than the heavily outdated regulatory\nframeworks of sluggish banks.\nVarious members of the Brickblock team have spent\nseveral years working professionally in conventional\nasset management and understand the processes and\nissues of trading and settlement. The asset management\nand global custody ecosystem is highly complex,\nextremely cost intensive in a multitude of ways (execution,\nreconciliation, allocation settlement etc.) and\nexceptionally exclusive.\nOur mission is to change that.\nWe believe that by including more people in the\nglobal economy and enabling them to invest their\nmoney however they like, everyone will win: investors\nwill pay significantly lower fees, have more options to\nhedge volatility and risks that accompany the digital\neconomy and bypass unfair local jurisdictions. Furthermore,\ntrusted brokers/dealers and fund managers\nwill obtain an entirely new group of financiers, and\nunderfinanced companies and industries will gain access\nto new capital.\nIncumbent banks neither have the ability nor the\nincentive to free themselves from the burden of the\nstatus quo. They lack vision. Any attempt to innovate\nwould meet with disapproval from the board.\nSo it is up to us, the crypto-community, to use the\naspiring blockchain technology to eliminate the faults\nof the old economy and to develop tools which make it\nsimple, affordable and safe to access the instruments\ncurrently reserved for the financial class.\nIt is up to us, to create a system that gives everyone\naccess to real-world assets and to participate in profiting\nfrom global economic progress. No matter where\nand no matter if you have a bank account or not.\nIt is up to us, to make trading, clearing and settlement\nwith any kind of assets as easy and secure as\ntransferring a bitcoin.\nIf you are interested in shaping the future of investing\nwith us: We are always looking for talented\npeople to help us in making the crypto-world better,\nsafer and more inclusive. Get in touch.\n7. Glossary\nAccess Token: An Access Token is used by brokerdealers\nand fund managers to pay the platform service\nfees.\nBrickblock Token: A Brickblock Token is received\nin the contribution period and is the only way to\ngenerate access tokens.\nBroker-dealer: A Broker-dealer is an entity that\ntrades securities for its own account or on behalf\nof its customers. Broker-dealers are often marketmakers\nand authorized participants in the ETF\nmarket; they act as liquidity providers on exchanges.\nCFD: A \"contract for difference\" allows traders to\nspeculate on the movement of an asset price without\nowning the underlying. A buyer and seller devise\na contract to exchange the difference in the\ncurrent value of the underlyings.\nCMF: A \"coin managed fund\" is the cryptoequivalent\nof an actively managed investment fund,\nwhere the portfolio manager chooses the fund’s investments.\nCTF: A \"coin-traded fund\" is the crypto-equivalent\nof an ETF; it is a passively managed basket of different\ncryptocurrencies.\nCTF Constituents: The constituents of a CTF are\nthe holdings of the fund.\nCreation Basket: A creation basket is the exact\nlist of assets that need to be sent to the CTF to\ncreate a PoA Token.\nCreation File: The Creation File contains the details\nof the creation basket.\nCustodian: A custodian holds the assets for a fund.\nThe assets (cash and securities) of a fund must be\nmaintained in the cash/securities account opened\nin the name of that fund.\nDapp: A \"decentralized app\" is an application that\nruns predominantly on the blockchain.\nDVP: \"Delivery versus payment\" is a securities settlement\nprocedure in which the transfer of the securities\nand payments occur simultaneously and no\nparty holds both at the same time.\nERC20 Token: The ERC20 token is a widely tradable\ntoken that implements the ERC20 standard.\n[18]\nBrickblock - The Future of Stock Trading on the Blockchain v.1.02\nETF: An \"exchange-traded fund\" is an investment\nfund traded on exchange, which passively tracks a\nrule-based index.\nLP: A \"liquidity provider\" provides liquidity for\nproof-of-asset tokens on exchanges. The LP can create\nand redeem CTF tokens against the portfolio\nholdings.\nNAV: The \"net asset value\" is the current value of\nthe fund holdings divided by the number of shares.\nThe NAV therefore, is the price of one of the fund’s\nshares. The NAV is calculated on a daily basis at a\nfixed time.\nOTC: \"Over-the-counter\", within a trading context,\nmeans that the trade is not executed on an exchange,\nbut privately in a dealer network or over\nthe phone.\nPoA Token: A \"Proof-of-Asset\" Token represents a\nreal-world asset in the form of securities or, in the\ncase of CTFs, the right to Coin funds on a certain\nsecured trading account\nREF: A \"real estate fund\" invests directly in commercial\nand residential property. Most REFs focus\non a specific type of assets (e.g. luxury housing) or\nregion (e.g. Europe).\nREIT: A \"real estate investment trust\" is a company\nthat, in most cases, owns and operates\nincome-producing real estate assets. Some REITs\nprovide loans to the owners and operators of real\nestate.\nRFQ: \"Request for quote\" describes the process of\nsending standardized quote requests to select brokerage\nfirms. The quote is constantly updated and\nthe processing can be fully automated.\nSmart Contract: Smart contracts are computer\nprotocols that have fixed if-then relations, therefore\nfacilitating contract design and enforcement.\nReferences\n[1] https://www.ey.com/\n[2] https://etherscan.io/chart/blocktime\n[3] https://medium.com/@Brickblock/brickblock-willlead-the-way-in-making-investing-more-financiallyinclusive-around-the-world-97952f80925d\n[4] https://taas.fund\n[5] https://taas.fund/media/whitepaper.pdf\n[6] https://www.ambisafe.co\n[7] https://ca.taas.fund/wallets/dashboard\n[8] https://www.melonport.com\n[9] https://github.com/melonproject/greenpaper/blob/master/melonprotocol.pdf\n[10] https://www.dash.org/blockchain-explorers/\n[11] https://info.shapeshift.io/blog/2017/05/21/introducingprism-worlds-first-trustless-portfolio-market-platform\n[12] https://www.digix.io\n[13] https://dgx.io/whitepaper.pdf\n[14] https://www.proofsuite.com\n[15] https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2017/06/23/ethereums-\nflash-crash-shows-hazards-of-tradingcryptocurrencies/\n[16] http://www.fixtradingcommunity.org/pg/structure/techspecs\n[17] https://www.justetf.com/uk/news/passiveinvesting/the-proof-that-active-managers-cannotbeat-the-market.html\n[18] https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20\n[19] https://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2017/02/24/isthe-financial-services-industry-ripe-fordisruption/#e474e5378af2\n[20] https://www.swift.com/about-us/history\nDISCLAIMER: This Brickblock whitepaper is for\ninformation purposes only and is subject to change.\nBrickblock does not guarantee the accuracy of or\nthe conclusions reached in this white paper, and this\nwhitepaper is provided \"as is\". Brickblock does not\nmake and expressly disclaims all representations and\nwarranties, express, implied, statutory or otherwise,\nwhatsoever, including, but not limited to: (i) warranties\nof merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,\nsuitability, usage, title or non-infringement; (ii)\nthat the contents of this white paper are free from\nerror; and (iii) that such contents will not infringe\nthird-party rights. Brickblock and its affiliates shall\nhave no liability for damages of any kind arising out\nof the use, reference to, or reliance on this white paper\nor any of the content contained herein, even if advised\nof the possibility of such damages. In no event will\nBrickblock or its affiliates be liable to any person or\nentity for any damages, losses, liabilities, costs or expenses\nof any kind, whether direct or indirect, consequential,\ncompensatory, incidental, actual, exemplary,\npunitive or special for the use of, reference to, or reliance\non this whitepaper or any of the content contained\nherein, including, without limitation, any loss\nof business, revenues, profits, data, use, goodwill or\nother intangible losses.",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"crypto\",\"currency\",\"airdrop\",\"brickblock\"],\"links\":[\"https://www.ey.com/\",\"https://etherscan.io/chart/blocktime\",\"https://medium.com/@Brickblock/brickblock-willlead-the-way-in-making-investing-more-financiallyinclusive-around-the-world-97952f80925d\",\"https://taas.fund\",\"https://taas.fund/media/whitepaper.pdf\",\"https://www.ambisafe.co\",\"https://ca.taas.fund/wallets/dashboard\",\"https://www.melonport.com\",\"https://github.com/melonproject/greenpaper/blob/master/melonprotocol.pdf\",\"https://www.dash.org/blockchain-explorers/\",\"https://info.shapeshift.io/blog/2017/05/21/introducingprism-worlds-first-trustless-portfolio-market-platform\",\"https://www.digix.io\",\"https://dgx.io/whitepaper.pdf\",\"https://www.proofsuite.com\",\"https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2017/06/23/ethereums-\",\"http://www.fixtradingcommunity.org/pg/structure/techspecs\",\"https://www.justetf.com/uk/news/passiveinvesting/the-proof-that-active-managers-cannotbeat-the-market.html\",\"https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20\",\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2017/02/24/isthe-financial-services-industry-ripe-fordisruption/#e474e5378af2\",\"https://www.swift.com/about-us/history\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
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"title": "Brickblock"
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"timestamp": "2018-05-06T18:27:30",
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}steemdelegated 18.160 SP to @adnan11172018/04/20 13:05:06
steemdelegated 18.160 SP to @adnan1117
2018/04/20 13:05:06
| delegatee | adnan1117 |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 29534.014499 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #21733198/Trx 0e927b01ac80b1544d56bd7e3bcf19baf535b382 |
View Raw JSON Data
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"timestamp": "2018-04-20T13:05:06",
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}big-whalesent 0.001 SBD to @adnan1117- "Hello friend want to Re-stem with 10000+ FOLLOWERS | SEND 0.7 OR 1 SBD to @big-whale and give your post a double chance with 10000+ follower _+ 10 min plus up-votes on your post..you will find more fr..."2018/03/18 02:55:09
big-whalesent 0.001 SBD to @adnan1117- "Hello friend want to Re-stem with 10000+ FOLLOWERS | SEND 0.7 OR 1 SBD to @big-whale and give your post a double chance with 10000+ follower _+ 10 min plus up-votes on your post..you will find more fr..."
2018/03/18 02:55:09
| amount | 0.001 SBD |
| from | big-whale |
| memo | Hello friend want to Re-stem with 10000+ FOLLOWERS | SEND 0.7 OR 1 SBD to @big-whale and give your post a double chance with 10000+ follower _+ 10 min plus up-votes on your post..you will find more friends and you will become more popular |
| to | adnan1117 |
| Transaction Info | Block #20771594/Trx 4d088255086df62cdd1d5c70381c198f24534eac |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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"amount": "0.001 SBD",
"from": "big-whale",
"memo": "Hello friend want to Re-stem with 10000+ FOLLOWERS | SEND 0.7 OR 1 SBD to @big-whale and give your post a double chance with 10000+ follower _+ 10 min plus up-votes on your post..you will find more friends and you will become more popular",
"to": "adnan1117"
}
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"timestamp": "2018-03-18T02:55:09",
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adnan1117followed @postresteem
2018/03/17 09:28:54
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"postresteem","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750679/Trx 437ae5d343f70033175b55eb0f66481183375e5e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:54
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"plafon96","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750679/Trx cfe70aae5ced388e30230300a994708bf66a34df |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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adnan1117followed @pioner888777
2018/03/17 09:28:54
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"pioner888777","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750679/Trx 5c52ae25b3913643c236aa0d6c8194a62c130208 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:39
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"pathan","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750674/Trx db246359f004503f576317b780f5c1c81be4cf24 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:39
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"pes7md","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750674/Trx 2b843073076006c5162fb2501bf546efac0aadeb |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:39
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"petlover","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750674/Trx 26de1e7ae3f445c3e118a7b6c6ea00491fcfeb65 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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adnan1117followed @peopleofthenight
2018/03/17 09:28:39
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"peopleofthenight","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750674/Trx 40d145fa2d5104af0336d811e142e09ea549aa0a |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:27
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"pagol","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750670/Trx 2ba89e24b341033cc11374b233760309275464a2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:21
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"ovronil","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750668/Trx 1a1c3368cac2fcd5a2b34e52545734f068f93784 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @okankarol2018/03/17 09:28:15
adnan1117followed @okankarol
2018/03/17 09:28:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"okankarol","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750666/Trx acb66970a73f5e2599a2a89c8a4cc3c8efb0bbb6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:09
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"nonstop","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750664/Trx 4c340af632925ad402b72c2a4f178c399d2d8aa8 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:28:06
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"noganoo","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750663/Trx c430033c8a5ec35dbbbf355c5453070e4a438dd3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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adnan1117followed @nfctc.org
2018/03/17 09:28:06
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"nfctc.org","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750663/Trx eee98fd8cfbb7e9bacee29e8ee5d852cb0707991 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:27:57
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"nfctc","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750660/Trx 4025746804d38ea25973e39564bdf4adea5e2ef6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2018/03/17 09:27:42
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"ormus","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750655/Trx 19f49c337c328fd928f6d0f0b1126954ca5ea527 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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adnan1117followed @oakenmist
2018/03/17 09:27:42
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"oakenmist","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750655/Trx 7c929e1a15958e835e4534d2d0da349cb9462df9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @mulyaabadi2018/03/17 09:27:33
adnan1117followed @mulyaabadi
2018/03/17 09:27:33
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"mulyaabadi","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750652/Trx 4c1b876628c82ce86a273abc1bbc359e7a51c4f5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @musesmillions2018/03/17 09:27:33
adnan1117followed @musesmillions
2018/03/17 09:27:33
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"musesmillions","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750652/Trx b39e29a937a992d5db551305d7c4511169da946d |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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adnan1117followed @musicloud
2018/03/17 09:27:33
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"musicloud","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750652/Trx 59092a3af4e3c034558ad233738a0564e6e4551f |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @muhammadishfaq2018/03/17 09:27:33
adnan1117followed @muhammadishfaq
2018/03/17 09:27:33
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"muhammadishfaq","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750652/Trx 72950450b1286e09388744afd5e93df9fb2c199e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @nayanbd6662018/03/17 09:27:15
adnan1117followed @nayanbd666
2018/03/17 09:27:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"nayanbd666","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750646/Trx 5ad05fd8dd17b6d367b9f5b5c0864b2930cad3f1 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @mony432hz2018/03/17 09:27:15
adnan1117followed @mony432hz
2018/03/17 09:27:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"mony432hz","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750646/Trx a321e10b77c03d72a68f3659cf2e484150ea986f |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @nafisacom2018/03/17 09:27:15
adnan1117followed @nafisacom
2018/03/17 09:27:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"nafisacom","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750646/Trx ab4c66443886abb7dd87d256cb6ca0c4e0e03ed7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @name-sake-name2018/03/17 09:27:15
adnan1117followed @name-sake-name
2018/03/17 09:27:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"name-sake-name","what":["blog"]}] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750646/Trx 0f351e6d3b264101fc69a022f8a2be70fdf28f11 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}2018/03/17 09:27:15
2018/03/17 09:27:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"nayif","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["adnan1117"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #20750646/Trx 7587f905883e18620abb45a50fb9e73bc8d2b7b2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @mysticeniggma2018/03/17 09:27:15
adnan1117followed @mysticeniggma
2018/03/17 09:27:15
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"mysticeniggma","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750646/Trx e9fe6267ee238b5784f98ca42e6c0c4adbfabcfc |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @sanjo19862018/03/17 09:26:48
adnan1117followed @sanjo1986
2018/03/17 09:26:48
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"sanjo1986","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750637/Trx 470aa32a05f3e54e28a3b1a1547b503f14768b21 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @sagheer462018/03/17 09:26:48
adnan1117followed @sagheer46
2018/03/17 09:26:48
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"sagheer46","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750637/Trx 44f870e9c6f3a56365a99aae03a66479eef94d37 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117unfollowed @sajjad.tomal2018/03/17 09:26:48
adnan1117unfollowed @sajjad.tomal
2018/03/17 09:26:48
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"sajjad.tomal","what":[]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750637/Trx 8e19eb2917c6984a10554d19041626087de9b0a9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}adnan1117followed @saipanpha2018/03/17 09:26:48
adnan1117followed @saipanpha
2018/03/17 09:26:48
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"adnan1117","following":"saipanpha","what":["blog"]}] |
| required auths | [] |
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| Transaction Info | Block #20750637/Trx adea70a794d0e99d08f75ebf428617a13eb4bd49 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}Manabar
Voting Power100.00%
Downvote Power100.00%
Resource Credits100.00%
Reputation Progress0.00%
{
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}Account Metadata
| POSTING JSON METADATA | |
| None | |
| JSON METADATA | |
| None |
{
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}Auth Keys
Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7aEToGfGbnwuihkVAtwStbLjP5pynCjRsoH77FYNpuWm7qFVZT1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM5W5YwBubmvnWpvMRHXWWQQqYJqgHKLSof3MqBgfSZnsx99vSAA1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7FwjVMAWJKDdwcTfqRssMH8gTeZaYqcxZTy8NpLB2YCwPDzhjp1/1
Memo
STM825JAQQtkWhDyDxkRx6gimuHevF3P351TwfhbMYqrAVZ7EKVn8
{
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}Witness Votes
0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]