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| comment | | "parent_author":"",<br>"parent_permlink":"science",<br>"author":"natord",<br>"permlink":"the-flame-in-space-vs-earth-s-flame",<br>"title":"The Flame in Space vs Earth's Flame",<br>"body":"On the shore of Lake Erie there is an amazing place called \"a gateway to space.\" It is a tower height of 30 meters,<br> where it is possible to recreate the conditions of microgravity,<br> in other words- weightlessness. Many experiments,<br> which then were conducted in space,<br> were pre-tested in this tower. One of those experiments is flame burning.\n\n<center> ![1.jpg (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmcq7qg264TW4vKeNsfVFHS4nMbQA8ihBfHC2rRe2HCA4L\/1.jpg)\n*The ignition of match in microgravity*. <a href=\"https:\/\/elementy.ru\/images\/kartinka_dnya\/picture_of_the_day_microgravity_flame_1.jpg\">image source<\/a><\/center> \n\nThe flame accompanies mankind throughout its history. It provides us with energy that allows civilizations to move forward. And like any physics-chemical process it behave absolutely differently in conditions of weightlessness. \n\n# The influence of convection.\n<p>\n\n\nThe process of burning on the Earth is subject to the forces of gravity of the planet. Due to the attraction of the Earth there is an effect of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convection\">**convection**<\/a>: the heated air becomes lighter and goes up,<br> the cold air occupies the released place and repeats the cycle. That's why the flame of a candle or match has an elongated shape.\n\n<center> ![slide_15.jpg (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmdHmH3RJC2Mcief64mXUiBJ56rvPWRgH5SX6rWNQ8LVJd\/slide_15.jpg)\n<a href=\"http:\/\/images.slideplayer.com\/35\/10352489\/slides\/slide_15.jpg\">image source<\/a><\/center>\n\n#### In microgravity the effects of convection disappears and the flame acquires a spherical shape. In the absence of movement of the ascending air the flame propagates uniformly around the source of combustion. Because of this burning of fuel is more complete than on the Earth.\n\n<center> ![222.jpg (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmYzjPdQZg4ueQDeEQexomtq1u6hAv4HcyvkrQJyNdHDDp\/222.jpg)\n*Burning a drop of heptane in microgravity*. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/666.html#images\">image source<\/a><\/center>\n\n\n>By the way,<br> it is convection bends the match,<br> if you hold it vertically. The air moves from the bottom upwards bending the wood+ since the flame on top is hotter than the bottom,<br> the upper part of the match loses more mass and volume (burn stronger). Therefore,<br> the tip becomes lighter and bends more noticeable than the base.\n<center> ![cdb07f3d8e8347d632c061ef3c641049.jpg (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmaFQqUgyLJTc6DUeE8pXB6nb2UdWjrwLsdpTPEhLnkx6F\/cdb07f3d8e8347d632c061ef3c641049.jpg)\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vokrugsveta.ru\/img\/bx\/iblock\/cdb\/cdb07f3d8e8347d632c061ef3c641049.jpg\">image source<\/a><\/center>\n\n# Temperature and visibility.\n<p>\n\nMore importantly,<br> changing not only flame shape,<br> but its physical parameters. On the Earth,<br> the flow of air creates a high temperature gradient along the flame. A constant flow of fresh oxygen affects the highest temperature possible and at the same time the color of fire.\n\n<center> ![candle-flame-temperature-i3.jpg (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmacEiu6tzLxMeo4hiLbzVfEBc5MSZC3hZibD8bzmFT1yk\/candle-flame-temperature-i3.jpg)\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ruthusher.com\/wordpress\/wp-admin\/images\/candle-flame-temperature-i3.jpg\">image source<\/a><\/center>\n\nFor example,<br> our usual yellow-orange color of the flame is the glowing particles of soot,<br> which is formed only at temperatures above + 1000 \u00b0\u0421. \n\nThe high temperature allows the atoms to \"jump\" on some time into higher energy states. When returning to the initial state,<br> the atoms begin to emit light of a certain frequency,<br> this frequency depends on the electronic structure of an element. \n\n<center> ![Metal-Ion-Flame-Tests.png (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmUXYQLzwji4Z6nrGxRtVhsZ5g4WUyQ5SCUEdZuPazwpi8\/Metal-Ion-Flame-Tests.png)\n*That's why different substances have a different color when burning,<br> their atoms have different electronic structure.* <a href=\"http:\/\/www.compoundchem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Metal-Ion-Flame-Tests.png\">image source<\/a><\/center>\n\n\nThe flame in weightlessness is \u201ccolder\u201d,<br> its temperature ranges from +227-527\u00b0C. We can see the orange color of the fire (higher temperature) only at the initial stage of ignition,<br> when oxygen is still enough. \n\nIn the cold phase,<br> the flame literally becomes invisible to the human eye *(the emitted light is in the ultraviolet and infrared)*. But the burning process continues. If you add new oxygen,<br> the fire will return to the active phase.\n\n<center> https:\/\/youtu.be\/qQQ1OHW1_F4<\/center>\n<center> *Experiment on burning of heptane droplets in microgravity. The last 20 seconds are amazing*<\/center>\n\n\n### Such experiments are very important. A detailed understanding of the combustion process and its dependence on other physical phenomena (such as convection),<br> will allow us to more efficiently utilize and consume hydrocarbon fuel. At the same time,<br> it is much easier to protect yourself from what you know good. And,<br> in any case,<br> it is very beautiful\u2026\n\n****\n*sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convection\">Convection<\/a>,<br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/666.html#images\">Flame Extinguishment Experiment (FLEX)<\/a>,<br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www1.grc.nasa.gov\/facilities\/\">The NASA Glenn Research Center<\/a>,<br> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.compoundchem.com\/2014\/02\/06\/metal-ion-flame-test-colours-chart\/\">Metal Ion Flame Test Colours Chart<\/a>,<br> <a href=\"http:\/\/fiz.1september.ru\/article.php?ID=200600218\">What is the fire?<\/a>,<br> images from Google Search.*\n****\n*If you liked this article,<br> you can also check other interesting materials,<br> I hope you will enjoy it:*\n\n- <a href=\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/money\/@natord\/caution-dirty-money\">Dirty Money: Who Lives on Your Cash<\/a>\n- <a href=\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/technology\/@natord\/bio-skin-suit-with-living-cells\">Bio-Skin: Suit With Living Cells<\/a>\n- <a href=\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/til\/@natord\/the-rainforest-in-your-belly-button\">The Rainforest in Your Belly Button<\/a>\n- <a href=\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/science\/@natord\/physics-of-the-universe-questions-with-no-answers\">Physics of The Universe: Questions with no Answers<\/a>\n- <a href=\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/technology\/@natord\/flammable-ice-are-we-on-the-verge-of-a-new-energy-revolution\">Flammable Ice: Are We on The Verge of a New Energy Revolution?<\/a>\n****\n\n<center><a href=\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/@natord\">![333.png (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmb1hc3ZqNAwbZExXvRMrzBbugsTxdcgLk3znsbM6m6pe8\/333.png) <\/a><\/center>",<br>"json_metadata":" \"tags\":[\"science\",<br>\"physics\",<br>\"space\",<br>\"steemiteducation\",<br>\"steemstem\" ,<br>\"image\":[\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmcq7qg264TW4vKeNsfVFHS4nMbQA8ihBfHC2rRe2HCA4L\/1.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmdHmH3RJC2Mcief64mXUiBJ56rvPWRgH5SX6rWNQ8LVJd\/slide_15.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmYzjPdQZg4ueQDeEQexomtq1u6hAv4HcyvkrQJyNdHDDp\/222.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmaFQqUgyLJTc6DUeE8pXB6nb2UdWjrwLsdpTPEhLnkx6F\/cdb07f3d8e8347d632c061ef3c641049.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmacEiu6tzLxMeo4hiLbzVfEBc5MSZC3hZibD8bzmFT1yk\/candle-flame-temperature-i3.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmUXYQLzwji4Z6nrGxRtVhsZ5g4WUyQ5SCUEdZuPazwpi8\/Metal-Ion-Flame-Tests.png\",<br>\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/qQQ1OHW1_F4\/0.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmb1hc3ZqNAwbZExXvRMrzBbugsTxdcgLk3znsbM6m6pe8\/333.png\" ,<br>\"links\":[\"https:\/\/elementy.ru\/images\/kartinka_dnya\/picture_of_the_day_microgravity_flame_1.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convection\",<br>\"http:\/\/images.slideplayer.com\/35\/10352489\/slides\/slide_15.jpg\",<br>\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/666.html#images\",<br>\"http:\/\/www.vokrugsveta.ru\/img\/bx\/iblock\/cdb\/cdb07f3d8e8347d632c061ef3c641049.jpg\",<br>\"http:\/\/ruthusher.com\/wordpress\/wp-admin\/images\/candle-flame-temperature-i3.jpg\",<br>\"http:\/\/www.compoundchem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Metal-Ion-Flame-Tests.png\",<br>\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qQQ1OHW1_F4\",<br>\"https:\/\/www1.grc.nasa.gov\/facilities\/\",<br>\"http:\/\/www.compoundchem.com\/2014\/02\/06\/metal-ion-flame-test-colours-chart\/\",<br>\"http:\/\/fiz.1september.ru\/article.php?ID=200600218\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/money\/@natord\/caution-dirty-money\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/technology\/@natord\/bio-skin-suit-with-living-cells\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/til\/@natord\/the-rainforest-in-your-belly-button\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/science\/@natord\/physics-of-the-universe-questions-with-no-answers\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/technology\/@natord\/flammable-ice-are-we-on-the-verge-of-a-new-energy-revolution\",<br>\"https:\/\/steemit.com\/@natord\" ,<br>\"app\":\"steemit\/0.1\",<br>\"format\":\"markdown\" " |
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