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| comment | | "parent_author":"",<br>"parent_permlink":"caryfish",<br>"author":"oguzcanyy",<br>"permlink":"crayfish",<br>"title":"crayfish",<br>"body":"Scientists say that marble crayfish is a mutant species that replicates itself. The population is popping up in Europe,<br> but it seems that it only appeared about 25 years ago.\n![13SCI-ZIMMER-jumbo1.jpg (https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmVrAD6eK2qATU8edXr8MCoWzNbwMoLTsBhDVAiJ2SkwHu\/13SCI-ZIMMER-jumbo1.jpg)\nFrank Lyko,<br> a biologist at the German Cancer Research Center,<br> is working on marble crayfish 15 centimeters long. Sample is easy to find: Lyko can buy crayfish from pet stores in Germany or go to a nearby lake with his colleagues.\n\nWait until the weather is over,<br> open the lamp on your head and walk around in shallow places. The marble crayfish will come out of its hiding place and gather around your ankle.\n\n\"This is extremely impressive,<br>\" says Lyko. \"Three in one,<br> using our hands only,<br> we caught 150 in an hour.\"\n\nLyko and his colleagues have laid out the marble crayfish genomes for the past five years. In a study published Monday,<br> researchers show that although marble crayfish is a common species,<br> it is one of the most remarkable species scientifically.\n\nThis species did not exist about 25 years ago. With only one effective mutation that occurred in a single kerevite,<br> marble crayfish emerged suddenly.\n\nThe mutation made it possible for this creature to copy itself. Crayfish has now spread to most parts of Europe and has stepped into the other continent. In Madagascar,<br> which has reached around 2007,<br> now the number is millions and threatens domestic crayfish.\n\nZen Faulkes,<br> a biologist at the Rio Grande Valley University in Texas who does not participate in the new study says,<br> \"We have never had a genome before,<br> as soon as we have become a species.\"\n\nMarble crayfish was popular among aquarium enthusiasts in Germany in the late 1990s. The earliest knowledge of canlia belongs to an aquarium enthusiast. The person in question told Lyko that he had bought it in 1995,<br> when he said it was \"Texas crawfish\".\n\nThe aquarium enthusiast Lyko did not tell the name was bewildered by the huge size of crayfish and massive eggs. A single marble crayfish can produce hundreds of eggs at a time.\n\nThe aquarium enthusiast gave crawfish to his friends shortly. After a short time,<br> the names given to the German Marcorkreb have begun to show up in the German and international pet stores.\n\nAs Marmorrebler became famous,<br> the people who feed these creatures started to get mixed up. The crayfish seems to be laying eggs without matching. All of the teeth were fanged and each one became ready to rejoin when it grew.\n\nIn 2003,<br> scientists have confirmed that marble crayfish has literally copied itself. They have taken small DNA fragments from these animals,<br> which are strikingly similar to a crayfish group called Procambarus,<br> which is specific to North America and Central America.\n\nLyko and his colleagues set out to determine the entire genome of the marble crayfish after ten years. Those times were more than an aquarium oddity anymore.\n\nMarble crayfish,<br> like the Tribbles in the legendary \"Star Trek\" section for about twenty years,<br> multiply. \"People go on a road with an animal,<br> and after a year there are several hundred,<br>\" says Lyko.\n\nApparently they own a lot of animals,<br> go to the nearby lakes by car and leave the marmorks there. It also turned out that marble crayfish can easily grow. Marmorkrebler sometimes walked hundreds of meters to reach new ponds and currents and increase the numbers in the trees. Non-pets populations have emerged in Europe in the Czech Republic,<br> Hungary,<br> Croatia and Ukraine,<br> and later in Japan and Madagascar.\nIt was not easy to sort out the genome of this animal: Nobody has set a crayfish genome. Actually,<br> nobody has a close relatives of crayfish.\n\nLyko and his colleagues have spent years trying to bring DNA fragments together and create a single genome map. When they did it,<br> they placed their genomes in the other 15 samples. These include marble crayfish and other species living in lakes in Germany.\n\nScientists have looked more clearly at the strange origins of marble crayfish thanks to the richness of genetic detail.\n\nApparently,<br> this species evolved from a species known as the marsh crayfish (Procambarus fallax) and only lives in the rivers of the US Saturn River in the states of Florida and Georgia.\n\nScientists have decided that this new trot would come out with the matching of two swamp crayfish. One of them has a mutation in a sex cell; scientists can not tell whether this is an egg or sperm.\n\nNormal sex cells contain a single copy of each chromosome. But there are two mutant kerevitte.\n\nIn one,<br> two gender cells fused and formed a female crayfish embryo that contained three copies of each chromosome instead of two. The new crayfish,<br> again,<br> has survived any disorder as a result of all this extra DNA.\n\nHe grew up and developed. However,<br> instead of sexually reproducing the first marble crayfish,<br> their eggs could be divided into embryos. The all-female line inherited identical copies of the three chromosome sets that he had. They are clones.\n\nBecause their chromosomes are incompatible with the chromosomes of the marsh crayfish,<br> they can no longer form a normal lineage. Male swamp crayfish can easily match marble crayfish,<br> but they are never the father of any individual in the family.\n\nIn December,<br> Lyko and his colleagues formally declared that marble crayfish was a species in itself and gave him the name Procambarus virginalis. Scientists can not tell precisely where they came from. There are no natural marble crayfish populations in the United States,<br> so it makes sense that they were born in a new aquarium in Germany.\n\nAll the marble crayfish that Lyko's team worked on were genetically identical to each other. This single genome,<br> however,<br> allows the clones to develop in any natural environment; From abandoned coal deposits in Germany to rice fields in Madagascar.\n\nIn their new work published in the Nature Ecology and Evolution bulletin,<br> researchers show that marble crayfish spread in a region as large as the Indiana state at astonishing pace throughout Madagascar in about a decade.\n\nMarble crayfish can shed some light on one of the greatest mysteries about the animal kingdom,<br> thanks to the young age of the cradle. This mystery is why so many animals are matched.\n\nOnly 1 in 10,<br>000 of the species consists of self-replicating teeth. In many studies,<br> it is suggested that non-matching species are rare because they do not last long.\n\nIn such a study,<br> Abraham E. Tucker and colleagues at the University of Southern Arkansas studied 11 asex species in a small invertebrate team of water fleas. Their DNA shows that the line evolves only about 1,<br>250 years ago.\n\nHaving a clone has many distinct advantages. Marble crayfish produces only infertile lines and causes the population to explode. \"Asexuality is a short-term and wonderful tactic,<br>\" says Tucker.\n\nBut in the long walks,<br> your sexuality has benefits. For example,<br> animals that reproduce sexually may be better at fighting diseases.\n\nIf a disease-causing microbes evolves and attacks a clone,<br> this microblogging works in all clones that are tactile. Sexually reproducible species mix their genes and create new compounds,<br> increasing their probability of developing defense.\n\nMarble crayfish gives scientists the chance to watch this theatrical almost from the beginning. In the first few decades she's been lucky,<br> she's losing a lot. But sooner or later,<br> the chances of marble crayfish may be reversed.\n\n\"Maybe they'll only live 100,<br>000 years,<br>\" Lyko predicted. \"This is a long time personally for me,<br> but in evolution,<br> it will mean to appear and disappear for a short period of time.\"",<br>"json_metadata":" \"tags\":[\"caryfish\",<br>\"scientist\",<br>\"photo\",<br>\"life\",<br>\"steem\" ,<br>\"image\":[\"https:\/\/steemitimages.com\/DQmVrAD6eK2qATU8edXr8MCoWzNbwMoLTsBhDVAiJ2SkwHu\/13SCI-ZIMMER-jumbo1.jpg\" ,<br>\"app\":\"steemit\/0.1\",<br>\"format\":\"markdown\" " |
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