Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS73.72%
Net Worth
1.377USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Own SP
23.747SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
23.747SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
0.000SP
Effective Power
23.747SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.000SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "38616.568692 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namegmikeska07
id23338
rank70,735
reputation72391553208
created2016-07-14T21:53:33
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count15
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2016-07-26T23:09:18
last_root_post2016-07-26T23:09:18
last_vote_time2016-07-26T23:09:18
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power9,938
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares38616.568692 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance0.000000 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
minedNo
sbd_seconds10,874,760
sbd_last_interest_payment2016-07-18T03:22:54
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "id": 23338,
  "name": "gmikeska07",
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7ekzkzmxfzLBhs18xdExG58TU8328TkYdzc11rpTNB8SGSCRXo",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM54Zfa2UnbvPU2za248PVxrk3s1gyCa3Kdnj4ogVQ3pv4upY6ga",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5rL6WMiUvnJXedsTqB4VmA8i95eYyYxmcMhqscYhaHArTniSzX",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo_key": "STM6qzmXaDZJLoKjh9EgYzmzQ2PTbrtR5TndqV9HDPqfd4YxPkTrY",
  "json_metadata": "",
  "posting_json_metadata": "",
  "proxy": "",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "created": "2016-07-14T21:53:33",
  "mined": false,
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "comment_count": 0,
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "post_count": 15,
  "can_vote": true,
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 9938,
    "last_update_time": 1469574558
  },
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 0,
    "last_update_time": 1468533213
  },
  "voting_power": 9938,
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_seconds": "10874760",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "2016-07-18T19:39:00",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "2016-07-18T03:22:54",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "38616.568692 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "curation_rewards": 0,
  "posting_rewards": 3789,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "last_post": "2016-07-26T23:09:18",
  "last_root_post": "2016-07-26T23:09:18",
  "last_vote_time": "2016-07-26T23:09:18",
  "post_bandwidth": 10000,
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reputation": "72391553208",
  "transfer_history": [],
  "market_history": [],
  "post_history": [],
  "vote_history": [],
  "other_history": [],
  "witness_votes": [],
  "tags_usage": [],
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "rank": 70735
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
2019/07/14 23:06:12
parent authorgmikeska07
parent permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-gmikeska07-20190714t230611000z
title
bodyCongratulations @gmikeska07! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07/birthday3.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 3 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=gmikeska07)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
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Transaction InfoBlock #34667550/Trx 36cd82e03eb71e2f330c580e31b899853eafd836
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "timestamp": "2019-07-14T23:06:12",
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      "parent_author": "gmikeska07",
      "parent_permlink": "a-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-gmikeska07-20190714t230611000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @gmikeska07! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07/birthday3.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 3 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=gmikeska07)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
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2018/07/14 23:55:03
parent authorgmikeska07
parent permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-gmikeska07-20180714t235505000z
title
bodyCongratulations @gmikeska07! You have received a personal award! [![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07/birthday2.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07) 2 Years on Steemit <sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** [SteemitBoard World Cup Contest - Play-off for third result](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-play-off-for-third-result) --- **Participate in the [SteemitBoard World Cup Contest](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-collect-badges-and-win-free-sbd)!** Collect World Cup badges and win free SBD Support the Gold Sponsors of the contest: [@good-karma](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=good-karma&approve=1) and [@lukestokes](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=lukestokes.mhth&approve=1) --- > Do you like [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)? Then **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
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Transaction InfoBlock #24182131/Trx e17bea03340645b3454e901deeaac3a3fdf697c1
View Raw JSON Data
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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-gmikeska07-20180714t235505000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @gmikeska07! You have received a personal award!\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07/birthday2.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07)  2 Years on Steemit\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n[SteemitBoard World Cup Contest - Play-off for third result](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-play-off-for-third-result)\n\n---\n**Participate in the [SteemitBoard World Cup Contest](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-collect-badges-and-win-free-sbd)!**\nCollect World Cup badges and win free SBD\nSupport the Gold Sponsors of the contest: [@good-karma](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=good-karma&approve=1) and [@lukestokes](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=lukestokes.mhth&approve=1)\n\n---\n\n> Do you like [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)? Then **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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2017/12/13 18:11:39
votercryptocamel
authorgmikeska07
permlinksecuritizing-cryptocurrency-miner-ownership-with-smart-contracts-on-rootstock
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #18056396/Trx 0ad917dbc389d260e581144dbc90c2aee3d55efa
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "timestamp": "2017-12-13T18:11:39",
  "op": [
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    {
      "voter": "cryptocamel",
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2017/07/14 22:25:12
parent authorgmikeska07
parent permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-gmikeska07-20170714t222514000z
title
bodyCongratulations @gmikeska07! You have received a personal award! [![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07/birthday1.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07) Happy Birthday - 1 Year Click on the badge to view your own Board of Honor on SteemitBoard. For more information about this award, click [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-update-8-happy-birthday) > By upvoting this notification, you can help all Steemit users. Learn how [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/http-i-cubeupload-com-7ciqeo-png)!
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Transaction InfoBlock #13687604/Trx a47f7c7d966ea5a77edce789fcbbbed4ef119c80
View Raw JSON Data
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  "timestamp": "2017-07-14T22:25:12",
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      "parent_author": "gmikeska07",
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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-gmikeska07-20170714t222514000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @gmikeska07! You have received a personal award!\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07/birthday1.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@gmikeska07) Happy Birthday - 1 Year\nClick on the badge to view your own Board of Honor on SteemitBoard.\n\nFor more information about this award, click [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-update-8-happy-birthday)\n> By upvoting this notification, you can help all Steemit users. Learn how [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/http-i-cubeupload-com-7ciqeo-png)!",
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2017/05/31 22:29:57
votermrstaf
authorgmikeska07
permlinksecuritizing-cryptocurrency-miner-ownership-with-smart-contracts-on-rootstock
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12422444/Trx 68520c7267e327b0c24492984c3859dfad010f75
View Raw JSON Data
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  "timestamp": "2017-05-31T22:29:57",
  "op": [
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      "voter": "mrstaf",
      "author": "gmikeska07",
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2016/07/26 23:42:18
voteraaseb
authorgmikeska07
permlinkre-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t220422757z
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3543903/Trx f50e4ffd7d2bbc564c2b3dcb8512be463aba5d37
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  "timestamp": "2016-07-26T23:42:18",
  "op": [
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      "voter": "aaseb",
      "author": "gmikeska07",
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2016/07/26 23:42:03
parent authorgmikeska07
parent permlinkre-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t220422757z
authoraaseb
permlinkre-gmikeska07-re-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t234140133z
title
bodythat's what I seem to remember the white hat attack... So the devs have control of the funds from the non-forked DAO. I think they should find a way to give it back no?
json metadata{"tags":["ether"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #3543898/Trx 5801192191706194f76bed490ae3e144dba62b80
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      "body": "that's what I seem to remember the white hat attack... So the devs have control of the funds from the non-forked DAO. I think they should find a way to give it back no?",
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2016/07/26 23:39:51
voterreligion
authorgmikeska07
permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3543854/Trx fbae702ac67b92e98fd8f62bdb659440d5812caa
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2016/07/26 23:20:09
voterbiito
authorgmikeska07
permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
weight0 (0.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3543461/Trx 60597916f66d1d1801ece491a2d84f67663477d3
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      "author": "gmikeska07",
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2016/07/26 23:20:00
voterbiito
authorgmikeska07
permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3543458/Trx eb5eb1e37f2a595e6b981d3c2f4a751e6acaf31c
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      "author": "gmikeska07",
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2016/07/26 23:09:30
voterchakra74
authorgmikeska07
permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3543249/Trx 305fca989dd3de4120e5a2653dcfed889d6467fb
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2016/07/26 23:09:18
votergmikeska07
authorgmikeska07
permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3543245/Trx 20d9658392938e168dc793bd495885024239f518
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2016/07/26 23:09:18
parent author
parent permlinkethereum
authorgmikeska07
permlinka-look-ahead-more-hard-forks-in-ethereum-s-future
titleA look ahead -- More Hard-Forks in Ethereum's Future?
bodyhttps://www.cryptocoinsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Fork-and-straight-384x253.jpg I have been following Ethereum with interest since its announcement. I started learning solidity recently and have mocked up a DAO framework or two. However, Today I Learned™ that Ethereum's POW phase is scheduled to kick-in soon-ish: [a helpful stackExchange article](https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/3779/when-will-the-difficulty-bomb-make-mining-impossible/3800) estimates: >**Blocktime over one day in July 2017** Difficulty on 2017-08-02 is 219.9 P and average blocktime is 26.06 hours. Difficulty on 2017-09-05 is 879.6 P and average blocktime is 4.342 days. **Blocktime over one week in September 2017** Difficulty on 2017-10-02 is 2.639 E and average blocktime is 13.02 days. **Blocktime over one month in October 2017** Difficulty on 2017-11-05 is 10.55 E and average blocktime is 7.443 weeks. Difficulty on 2017-12-01 is 28.14 E and average blocktime is 4.962 month. Difficulty on 2018-01-05 is 112.5 E and average blocktime is 19.84 month. I heard that the so called "Ice Age" is going to be delayed. I have seen [sources](https://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/5668/vb-end-of-pow-will-be-delayed) that say a HF is necessary for such a change. Is that true? It would be interesting to see the dynamics of a currency that proceeds ahead with POS in lieu of such a hardfork. Discuss.... :-)
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      "title": "A look ahead -- More Hard-Forks in Ethereum's Future?",
      "body": "https://www.cryptocoinsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Fork-and-straight-384x253.jpg\nI have been following Ethereum with interest since its announcement. I started learning solidity recently and have mocked up a DAO framework or two. However, Today I Learned™ that Ethereum's POW phase is scheduled to kick-in soon-ish: [a helpful stackExchange article](https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/3779/when-will-the-difficulty-bomb-make-mining-impossible/3800) estimates:\n>**Blocktime over one day in July 2017**\nDifficulty on 2017-08-02 is 219.9 P and average blocktime is 26.06 hours.\nDifficulty on 2017-09-05 is 879.6 P and average blocktime is 4.342 days.\n**Blocktime over one week in September 2017**\nDifficulty on 2017-10-02 is 2.639 E and average blocktime is 13.02 days.\n**Blocktime over one month in October 2017**\nDifficulty on 2017-11-05 is 10.55 E and average blocktime is 7.443 weeks.\nDifficulty on 2017-12-01 is 28.14 E and average blocktime is 4.962 month.\nDifficulty on 2018-01-05 is 112.5 E and average blocktime is 19.84 month.\n\nI heard that the so called \"Ice Age\" is going to be delayed.\n\nI have seen [sources](https://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/5668/vb-end-of-pow-will-be-delayed) that say a HF is necessary for such a change. Is that true?\nIt would be interesting to see the dynamics of a currency that proceeds ahead with POS in lieu of such a hardfork.\n\nDiscuss.... :-)",
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2016/07/26 22:16:48
parent authorgmikeska07
parent permlinkre-madhatting-re-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t220619512z
authormadhatting
permlinkre-gmikeska07-re-madhatting-re-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t221749696z
title
bodyOMG, I cant breath... Why do you say that. :-(.. I put everything into this.
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2016/07/26 22:06:24
votergmikeska07
authormadhatting
permlinkre-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t215655528z
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2016/07/26 22:06:21
parent authormadhatting
parent permlinkre-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t215655528z
authorgmikeska07
permlinkre-madhatting-re-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t220619512z
title
bodyI think Bernie needs a bailout now too, @madhatting.....
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      "body": "I think Bernie needs a bailout now too, @madhatting.....",
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2016/07/26 22:04:30
votergmikeska07
authoraaseb
permlinkshouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain
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2016/07/26 22:04:24
parent authoraaseb
parent permlinkshouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain
authorgmikeska07
permlinkre-aaseb-shouldn-t-we-be-able-to-get-etc-back-from-dao-on-the-non-forked-chain-20160726t220422757z
title
bodyThey (the #Forked #ETH devs) were discussing dumping the #ETC from the DAO to depress the price. Not sure that attack vector would be economically viable given the volume we're now seeing on #Poloniex. Further I think that the ETH folks are realizing that they *can't* do anything about the fork, so there's less political viability as well. It will be interesting to see how this plays out. I wish there was a remindme bot for steemit!
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      "title": "",
      "body": "They (the #Forked #ETH devs) were discussing dumping the #ETC from the DAO to depress the price. Not sure that attack vector would be economically viable given the volume we're now seeing on #Poloniex. Further I think that the ETH folks are realizing that they *can't* do anything about the fork, so there's less political viability as well. It will be interesting to see how this plays out. \n\nI wish there was a remindme bot for steemit!",
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gmikeska07powered up 1.711 STEEM to @gmikeska07
2016/07/26 01:41:00
fromgmikeska07
togmikeska07
amount1.711 STEEM
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gmikeska07conversion request filled: received 1.711 STEEM in exchange of 6.218 SBD
2016/07/25 19:39:00
ownergmikeska07
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2016/07/21 13:03:00
voterbitkoyin
authorgmikeska07
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2016/07/20 12:36:03
votergmikeska07
authorozmaster
permlinktoday-s-smoke
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2016/07/20 03:04:36
votergmikeska07
authorkingjohal
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2016/07/20 03:04:21
parent authorkingjohal
parent permlinkre-gmikeska07-re-kingjohal-steemstarter-campaign-steem-android-wallet-nfc-tap-and-pay-integration-20160717t041049223z
authorgmikeska07
permlinkre-kingjohal-re-gmikeska07-re-kingjohal-steemstarter-campaign-steem-android-wallet-nfc-tap-and-pay-integration-20160720t030414785z
title
body19vCeH21gSD41MxC2LGiZBru18ifN3XQ8b thanks!
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gmikeska07custom json: follow
2016/07/20 02:23:54
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2016/07/20 02:23:33
votergmikeska07
authorbryan-kho
permlinkhi-from-melbourne-australia
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2016/07/20 02:19:45
parent authorgridcoinman
parent permlinkwallsteetjournal-the-central-bankers-bold-new-idea-greater-than-print-bitcoins
authorgmikeska07
permlinkre-gridcoinman-wallsteetjournal-the-central-bankers-bold-new-idea-greater-than-print-bitcoins-20160720t021940234z
title
bodyOne dynamic that many companies and governments are realizing is that having a permissioned ledger is meaningless unless you tie to Bitcoin at some point as a trust anchor. I think that with a FedCoin we'd see their block hashes printed on the Bitcoin blockchain. This would, in turn, increase Bitcoin's value long-term.
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2016/07/20 02:15:36
votergmikeska07
authordecryptson
permlinkwhy-steemit-has-a-good-chance-to-become-the-worlds-next-revolutionary-social-media-platform
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gmikeska07upvoted (100.00%) @bansky / robot
2016/07/20 02:14:06
votergmikeska07
authorbansky
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2016/07/19 03:57:42
votermadhatting
authorgmikeska07
permlinkre-kingjohal-steemstarter-campaign-steem-android-wallet-nfc-tap-and-pay-integration-20160717t033728873z
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2016/07/19 00:28:03
votergmikeska07
authorpharesim
permlinkpevo-funding-cut-off
weight10000 (100.00%)
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2016/07/19 00:22:54
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2016/07/19 00:22:21
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body@@ -143,16 +143,17 @@ 237.png%0A +%0A A Brief
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2016/07/19 00:19:57
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parent permlinksecuritizing-cryptocurrency-miner-ownership-with-smart-contracts-on-rootstock
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2016/07/19 00:18:42
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authorgmikeska07
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2016/07/19 00:17:27
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bodyI thought I'd add a note here about myself. I am a developer hoping to be discovered by someone in the Bitcoin sector. I'm contracting to survive while sending applications to every blockchain company I can get in touch with. I hope to help implement technologies to further the cryptocurrency industry! Thanks for reading my idea! Feedback is welcome!
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      "body": "I thought I'd add a note here about myself. I am a developer hoping to be discovered by someone in the Bitcoin sector. I'm contracting to survive while sending applications to every blockchain company I can get in touch with. I hope to help implement technologies to further the cryptocurrency industry!\nThanks for reading my idea! Feedback is welcome!",
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2016/07/19 00:14:09
parent author
parent permlinkbitcoin
authorgmikeska07
permlinksecuritizing-cryptocurrency-miner-ownership-with-smart-contracts-on-rootstock
titleA Solution to the Centralization of Mining Power - Securization of Miner Ownership
body# Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock A Brief White Paper by @gmikeska07 # Introduction Mining is a crucial function in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Concerns abound over potential centralization of mining power into the hands of mining cartels which may or may not be benevolent oligarchs. Attempts at innovation in the mining space, though well-intentioned and, often, well executed have fallen short of incentivizing a trend toward decentralization of mining power. Mining “contracts” and “bonds” were the first instruments used to allow investment in mining projects. Companies offering such investment opportunities set up warehouses of GPU and FPGA miners, and offered contracts at a flat rate based on hashrate offered and contract duration. Often, companies offering mining contracts would allow the investor to specify a pool toward which the mining power would be directed. Unfortunately, the hashrate avalanche that resulted from the flood of investment during this period caused many ingenuous offerings to lose production capability quickly because of Bitcoin’s rapidly increasing difficulty during this period. As the first ASIC machines came online, the community was excited to see the advent of “cloud mining” services which make investment in cryptocurrency mining trivial for anyone who has interacted with a modern trading interface. Many entries in this space failed to perform as expected, again, due to the difficulty increases from rapid innovation occurring at this point. Still other companies claiming to offer cloud mining services disappeared seemingly overnight, taking investor funds with them. Further, most cloud mining operations don’t allow the investor to specify a mining pool in which they would like their hashrate to participate. This incentivizes a trend toward centralization, with specific cases in mind of cloud providers approaching 51% of network mining power. Along with contracts and cloud mining, some companies offer miner hosting. With miner hosting, an investor retains ownership of the hardware and control over pool participation. The investor pays maintenance fees to the hosting provider, who is responsible for securing, powering, and maintaining the hardware. Investors can usually take delivery of their mining hardware at any time, and may then sell the miner, operate it locally, or find another hosting company for the miner. This approach, though properly incentivized, drastically reduces the liquidity of the miner as a resource, as the owner must take ownership of the hardware if he wishes to switch hosting companies or market the hardware to another investor. The approach described in this document uses smart contracts on the Rootstock (RSK) network to commoditize ownership of mining hardware and facilitate issue of derivative instruments, based upon the hashing power of the hardware in question, as tokens. I want this document to be read as a recommendation, or an “Invitation to discussion” if you will. Many details of implementation will require some modicum of community consensus before an approach like this can succeed. # Vocabulary Mining Hardware - Any device or group of devices that emit shares which can be directed toward a mining pool. Miner Hosting Provider - An individual or organization which take custody of mining hardware and operate it on behalf of an investor, collecting maintenance fees in return. Provider Contract - A contract which performs blockchain-data management functions on behalf of a specific hosting provider. Such a contract should be considered implementation of a protocol to facilitate interoperability with other provider contracts. Implementation should begin only after adequate community discussion. Hardware Contract - A contract issued by a provider when new mining hardware is brought online. The provider is responsible for configuring the contract to reflect ownership by an address specified by the initial investor. Again, care should be taken in implementing these contracts to maximize interoperability with related systems. Initial Investor - An individual or organization that puts down initial investment on mining hardware. # The Provider Contract The provider, to bootstrap his endeavor, issues a contract that holds all metadata about the operation. Contact information, number of hardware spots available (perhaps the community can come to an agreement on standard sizing of hardware) and maintenance fee information can all be enumerated in the contract, with “owner-only” accessor methods to provide update capabilities. Contracts representing hardware housed by a given provider will contain a reference to this contract so that the intrinsic “reputation” of the provider can substantiate the condition scores and other metrics the provider is responsible for maintaining. (More on these later). The establishment of a contract as the basis for reference to a hosting provider allows ownership to be passed on to other organizations (distributed or otherwise) in the future. # Equipment Purchase/Assay Process Initial investors may either purchase equipment and have it shipped to a hosting facility, or may order hardware through the hosting provider. The provider must then assay the hardware, (much like the process for admitting large-ingot gold bars to the financial system) checking for physical as well as performance issues. During assay, the provider rates the overall condition of the hardware (new, good, poor, etc), and may test the miner’s hashrate (Though as a sign of goodwill to the investor, I recommend that any assay related mining be conducted on testnet, or that revenue be identified and perhaps loaded into the investor’s account to cover initial maintenance fees). The provider then issues a contract, sets the variable for “owner” in the contract to the address specified by their investor at time of purchase or onboarding. # Mining Pools and Protocol Enhancements Mining pools stand to greatly benefit if a contract-focused securitization of mining power succeeds. That being said, these benefits will require some changes to the protocols that pools use to communicate to worker nodes, and APIs will need to be constructed to allow owner specification of mining pool preference. Another pool API should be architected to allow hardware owners to pay maintenance fees to their hosting provider out of pool revenue if they so choose. I also think that it might be worthwhile to investigate the idea of mining pools issuing a share-count statement whenever they discover a block. The statement would certify the percentages of work that each worker contributed to block discovery, referring to each worker by the address of its associated contract. Such certification could provide an indelible record of the performance of a piece of hardware, and enforce accountability for pool operators, hosting providers and investors alike. # Ownership Transfer An investor may decide to sell his hardware at any time. The recent explosion of interest in DAOs have driven many centralized exchanges to support trading of tokens. Support for trading of contracts that represent mining hardware should be well within reach. Just as one must transfer tokens to an address corresponding to his account on an exchange, an investor looking to market his mining hardware need only call the ‘changeOwner’ function on the contract. Exchanges could use the metadata in the hardware contract to build a description of the equipment. Further, just as exchanges have accommodated users in execution of DAO functions through their tokens, a proxy for update/maintenance of miner information could be provided. # Tokenization of Equipment Ownership The investor may decide to maintain some stake in the hardware when seeking to defer costs. This can be undertaken simply by creating a DAO contract and passing ownership of the hardware contract to the DAO. Details on how DAO members can then vote on changes to the miner’s pool status, request a provider transfer, or acommodate distribution of mining revenue to tokenholders are discussed at length in the DAO white paper (https://download.slock.it/public/DAO/WhitePaper.pdf) and are beyond the scope of this document. # Provider Transfer Keeping the market for miner hosting both open and flexible is crucial to the securitization of mining power. Protocols for issuing requests for hardware transfer from one hosting provider to another will need to be designed, but these tasks can be handled through the provider and hardware contract implementations. Requests can be initiated by the owner of a piece of hardware, perhaps via a function call to the new provider. The function call could carry fees to cover shipping along with initial maintenance fees and assay service Then, the “New Provider” would send a notification of transfer to the provider in custody of the hardware in question. This method call could reference the payment they received to vouch that the transaction came from the address listed as the owner of the hardware. # A note on Interoperability vs. Competition While it is crucial that the community develop contract interfaces which are interoperable, I see no problem at all with healthy competition between individual contract stacks. That is to say, though we may delineate standard function names and data fields, differences in the way these protocols are implemented will foster healthy growth for contract stacks across the board. ```` -----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT----- Document: Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock Date: July 9th, 2016 Author: Gregory J. Mikeska Signatory Address:1KDPgyR4kvbazDMYNFzcyr8HrCaNPmSjLZ -----END SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT----- -----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK----- IPTVp5ZWZe3QAH8ZC26Ytte68T//8fYgEz6bLaWwD1VjJpDek31XaMF4CJQ+FEQ2wQfwXv1C3C0DDMs5Ds7kt3E= -----END SIGNATURE BLOCK-----````
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      "title": "A Solution to the Centralization of Mining Power - Securization of Miner Ownership",
      "body": "# Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock\nA Brief White Paper by @gmikeska07\n# Introduction\nMining is a crucial function in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Concerns abound over potential centralization of mining power into the hands of mining cartels which may or may not be benevolent oligarchs. Attempts at innovation in the mining space, though well-intentioned and, often, well executed have fallen short of incentivizing a trend toward decentralization of mining power.\n\nMining “contracts” and “bonds” were the first instruments used to allow investment in mining projects. Companies offering such investment opportunities set up warehouses of GPU and FPGA miners, and offered contracts at a flat rate based on hashrate offered and contract duration. Often, companies offering mining contracts would allow the investor to specify a pool toward which the mining power would be directed. Unfortunately, the hashrate avalanche that resulted from the flood of investment during this period caused many ingenuous offerings to lose production capability quickly because of Bitcoin’s rapidly increasing difficulty during this period.\n\tAs the first ASIC machines came online, the community was excited to see the advent of “cloud mining” services which make investment in cryptocurrency mining trivial for anyone who has interacted with a modern trading interface. Many entries in this space failed to perform as expected, again, due to the difficulty increases from rapid innovation occurring at this point. Still other companies claiming to offer cloud mining services disappeared seemingly overnight, taking investor funds with them. Further, most cloud mining operations don’t allow the investor to specify a mining pool in which they would like their hashrate to participate. This incentivizes a trend toward centralization, with specific cases in mind of cloud providers approaching 51% of network mining power.\nAlong with contracts and cloud mining, some companies offer miner hosting. With miner hosting, an investor retains ownership of the hardware and control over pool participation. The investor pays maintenance fees to the hosting provider, who is responsible for securing, powering, and maintaining the hardware. Investors can usually take delivery of their mining hardware at any time, and may then sell the miner, operate it locally, or find another hosting company for the miner. This approach, though properly incentivized, drastically reduces the liquidity of the miner as a resource, as the owner must take ownership of the hardware if he wishes to switch hosting companies or market the hardware to another investor.\nThe approach described in this document uses smart contracts on the Rootstock (RSK) network to commoditize ownership of mining hardware and facilitate issue of derivative instruments, based upon the hashing power of the hardware in question, as tokens.\nI want this document to be read as a recommendation, or an “Invitation to discussion” if you will. Many details of implementation will require some modicum of community consensus before an approach like this can succeed.\n# Vocabulary\nMining Hardware - Any device or group of devices that emit shares which can be directed toward a mining pool.\n\nMiner Hosting Provider - An individual or organization which take custody of mining hardware and operate it on behalf of an investor, collecting maintenance fees in return.\n\nProvider Contract - A contract which performs blockchain-data management functions on behalf of a specific hosting provider. Such a contract should be considered implementation of a protocol to facilitate interoperability with other provider contracts. Implementation should begin only after adequate community discussion.\n\nHardware Contract - A contract issued by a provider when new mining hardware is brought online. The provider is responsible for configuring the contract to reflect ownership by an address specified by the initial investor. Again, care should be taken in implementing these contracts to maximize interoperability with related systems.\n\t\nInitial Investor - An individual or organization that puts down initial investment on mining hardware.\n\n# The Provider Contract\nThe provider, to bootstrap his endeavor, issues a contract that holds all metadata about the operation. Contact information, number of hardware spots available (perhaps the community can come to an agreement on standard sizing of hardware) and maintenance fee information can all be enumerated in the contract, with “owner-only” accessor methods to provide update capabilities. Contracts representing hardware housed by a given provider will contain a reference to this contract so that the intrinsic “reputation” of the provider can substantiate the condition scores and other metrics the provider is responsible for maintaining. (More on these later). The establishment of a contract as the basis for reference to a hosting provider allows ownership to be passed on to other organizations (distributed or otherwise) in the future.\n# Equipment Purchase/Assay Process\nInitial investors may either purchase equipment and have it shipped to a hosting facility, or may order hardware through the hosting provider. The provider must then assay the hardware, (much like the process for admitting large-ingot gold bars to the financial system) checking for physical as well as performance issues. During assay, the provider rates the overall condition of the hardware (new, good, poor, etc), and may test the miner’s hashrate (Though as a sign of goodwill to the investor, I recommend that any assay related mining be conducted on testnet, or that revenue be identified and perhaps loaded into the investor’s account to cover initial maintenance fees). The provider then issues a contract, sets the variable for “owner” in the contract to the address specified by their investor at time of purchase or onboarding.\n\n# Mining Pools and Protocol Enhancements\nMining pools stand to greatly benefit if a contract-focused securitization of mining power succeeds. That being said, these benefits will require some changes to the protocols that pools use to communicate to worker nodes, and APIs will need to be constructed to allow owner specification of mining pool preference. Another pool API should be architected to allow hardware owners to pay maintenance fees to their hosting provider out of pool revenue if they so choose. I also think that it might be worthwhile to investigate the idea of mining pools issuing a share-count statement whenever they discover a block. The statement would certify the percentages of work that each worker contributed to block discovery, referring to each worker by the address of its associated contract. Such certification could provide an indelible record of the performance of a piece of hardware, and enforce accountability for pool operators, hosting providers and investors alike.\n# Ownership Transfer\nAn investor may decide to sell his hardware at any time. The recent explosion of interest in DAOs have driven many centralized exchanges to support trading of tokens. Support for trading of contracts that represent mining hardware should be well within reach. Just as one must transfer tokens to an address corresponding to his account on an exchange, an investor looking to market his mining hardware need only call the ‘changeOwner’ function on the contract. Exchanges could use the metadata in the hardware contract to build a description of the equipment. Further, just as exchanges have accommodated users in execution of DAO functions through their tokens, a proxy for update/maintenance of miner information could be provided.\n# Tokenization of Equipment Ownership\nThe investor may decide to maintain some stake in the hardware when seeking to defer costs. This can be undertaken simply by creating a DAO contract and passing ownership of the hardware contract to the DAO. Details on how DAO members can then vote on changes to the miner’s pool status, request a provider transfer, or acommodate distribution of mining revenue to tokenholders are discussed at length in the DAO white paper (https://download.slock.it/public/DAO/WhitePaper.pdf) and are beyond the scope of this document.\n# Provider Transfer\nKeeping the market for miner hosting both open and flexible is crucial to the securitization of mining power. Protocols for issuing requests for hardware transfer from one hosting provider to another will need to be designed, but these tasks can be handled through the provider and hardware contract implementations. Requests can be initiated by the owner of a piece of hardware, perhaps via a function call to the new provider. The function call could carry fees to cover shipping along with initial maintenance fees and assay service Then, the “New Provider” would send a notification of transfer to the provider in custody of the hardware in question. This method call could reference the payment they received to vouch that the transaction came from the address listed as the owner of the hardware.\n\n# A note on Interoperability vs. Competition\nWhile it is crucial that the community develop contract interfaces which are interoperable, I see no problem at all with healthy competition between individual contract stacks. That is to say, though we may delineate standard function names and data fields, differences in the way these protocols are implemented will foster healthy growth for contract stacks across the board.\n\n\n````\n-----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT-----\nDocument: Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock\nDate: July 9th, 2016\nAuthor: Gregory J. Mikeska \nSignatory Address:1KDPgyR4kvbazDMYNFzcyr8HrCaNPmSjLZ\n-----END SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT-----\n\n-----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK-----\nIPTVp5ZWZe3QAH8ZC26Ytte68T//8fYgEz6bLaWwD1VjJpDek31XaMF4CJQ+FEQ2wQfwXv1C3C0DDMs5Ds7kt3E=\n-----END SIGNATURE BLOCK-----````",
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2016/07/19 00:06:51
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2016/07/18 23:25:03
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2016/07/18 23:24:39
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permlinksecuritizing-cryptocurrency-miner-ownership-with-smart-contracts-on-rootstock
titleSecuritizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock
body# Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock A Brief White Paper by @gmikeska07 # Introduction Mining is a crucial function in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Concerns abound over potential centralization of mining power into the hands of mining cartels which may or may not be benevolent oligarchs. Attempts at innovation in the mining space, though well-intentioned and, often, well executed have fallen short of incentivizing a trend toward decentralization of mining power. Mining “contracts” and “bonds” were the first instruments used to allow investment in mining projects. Companies offering such investment opportunities set up warehouses of GPU and FPGA miners, and offered contracts at a flat rate based on hashrate offered and contract duration. Often, companies offering mining contracts would allow the investor to specify a pool toward which the mining power would be directed. Unfortunately, the hashrate avalanche that resulted from the flood of investment during this period caused many ingenuous offerings to lose production capability quickly because of Bitcoin’s rapidly increasing difficulty during this period. As the first ASIC machines came online, the community was excited to see the advent of “cloud mining” services which make investment in cryptocurrency mining trivial for anyone who has interacted with a modern trading interface. Many entries in this space failed to perform as expected, again, due to the difficulty increases from rapid innovation occurring at this point. Still other companies claiming to offer cloud mining services disappeared seemingly overnight, taking investor funds with them. Further, most cloud mining operations don’t allow the investor to specify a mining pool in which they would like their hashrate to participate. This incentivizes a trend toward centralization, with specific cases in mind of cloud providers approaching 51% of network mining power. Along with contracts and cloud mining, some companies offer miner hosting. With miner hosting, an investor retains ownership of the hardware and control over pool participation. The investor pays maintenance fees to the hosting provider, who is responsible for securing, powering, and maintaining the hardware. Investors can usually take delivery of their mining hardware at any time, and may then sell the miner, operate it locally, or find another hosting company for the miner. This approach, though properly incentivized, drastically reduces the liquidity of the miner as a resource, as the owner must take ownership of the hardware if he wishes to switch hosting companies or market the hardware to another investor. The approach described in this document uses smart contracts on the Rootstock (RSK) network to commoditize ownership of mining hardware and facilitate issue of derivative instruments, based upon the hashing power of the hardware in question, as tokens. I want this document to be read as a recommendation, or an “Invitation to discussion” if you will. Many details of implementation will require some modicum of community consensus before an approach like this can succeed. # Vocabulary Mining Hardware - Any device or group of devices that emit shares which can be directed toward a mining pool. Miner Hosting Provider - An individual or organization which take custody of mining hardware and operate it on behalf of an investor, collecting maintenance fees in return. Provider Contract - A contract which performs blockchain-data management functions on behalf of a specific hosting provider. Such a contract should be considered implementation of a protocol to facilitate interoperability with other provider contracts. Implementation should begin only after adequate community discussion. Hardware Contract - A contract issued by a provider when new mining hardware is brought online. The provider is responsible for configuring the contract to reflect ownership by an address specified by the initial investor. Again, care should be taken in implementing these contracts to maximize interoperability with related systems. Initial Investor - An individual or organization that puts down initial investment on mining hardware. # The Provider Contract The provider, to bootstrap his endeavor, issues a contract that holds all metadata about the operation. Contact information, number of hardware spots available (perhaps the community can come to an agreement on standard sizing of hardware) and maintenance fee information can all be enumerated in the contract, with “owner-only” accessor methods to provide update capabilities. Contracts representing hardware housed by a given provider will contain a reference to this contract so that the intrinsic “reputation” of the provider can substantiate the condition scores and other metrics the provider is responsible for maintaining. (More on these later). The establishment of a contract as the basis for reference to a hosting provider allows ownership to be passed on to other organizations (distributed or otherwise) in the future. # Equipment Purchase/Assay Process Initial investors may either purchase equipment and have it shipped to a hosting facility, or may order hardware through the hosting provider. The provider must then assay the hardware, (much like the process for admitting large-ingot gold bars to the financial system) checking for physical as well as performance issues. During assay, the provider rates the overall condition of the hardware (new, good, poor, etc), and may test the miner’s hashrate (Though as a sign of goodwill to the investor, I recommend that any assay related mining be conducted on testnet, or that revenue be identified and perhaps loaded into the investor’s account to cover initial maintenance fees). The provider then issues a contract, sets the variable for “owner” in the contract to the address specified by their investor at time of purchase or onboarding. # Mining Pools and Protocol Enhancements Mining pools stand to greatly benefit if a contract-focused securitization of mining power succeeds. That being said, these benefits will require some changes to the protocols that pools use to communicate to worker nodes, and APIs will need to be constructed to allow owner specification of mining pool preference. Another pool API should be architected to allow hardware owners to pay maintenance fees to their hosting provider out of pool revenue if they so choose. I also think that it might be worthwhile to investigate the idea of mining pools issuing a share-count statement whenever they discover a block. The statement would certify the percentages of work that each worker contributed to block discovery, referring to each worker by the address of its associated contract. Such certification could provide an indelible record of the performance of a piece of hardware, and enforce accountability for pool operators, hosting providers and investors alike. # Ownership Transfer An investor may decide to sell his hardware at any time. The recent explosion of interest in DAOs have driven many centralized exchanges to support trading of tokens. Support for trading of contracts that represent mining hardware should be well within reach. Just as one must transfer tokens to an address corresponding to his account on an exchange, an investor looking to market his mining hardware need only call the ‘changeOwner’ function on the contract. Exchanges could use the metadata in the hardware contract to build a description of the equipment. Further, just as exchanges have accommodated users in execution of DAO functions through their tokens, a proxy for update/maintenance of miner information could be provided. # Tokenization of Equipment Ownership The investor may decide to maintain some stake in the hardware when seeking to defer costs. This can be undertaken simply by creating a DAO contract and passing ownership of the hardware contract to the DAO. Details on how DAO members can then vote on changes to the miner’s pool status, request a provider transfer, or acommodate distribution of mining revenue to tokenholders are discussed at length in the DAO white paper (https://download.slock.it/public/DAO/WhitePaper.pdf) and are beyond the scope of this document. # Provider Transfer Keeping the market for miner hosting both open and flexible is crucial to the securitization of mining power. Protocols for issuing requests for hardware transfer from one hosting provider to another will need to be designed, but these tasks can be handled through the provider and hardware contract implementations. Requests can be initiated by the owner of a piece of hardware, perhaps via a function call to the new provider. The function call could carry fees to cover shipping along with initial maintenance fees and assay service Then, the “New Provider” would send a notification of transfer to the provider in custody of the hardware in question. This method call could reference the payment they received to vouch that the transaction came from the address listed as the owner of the hardware. # A note on Interoperability vs. Competition While it is crucial that the community develop contract interfaces which are interoperable, I see no problem at all with healthy competition between individual contract stacks. That is to say, though we may delineate standard function names and data fields, differences in the way these protocols are implemented will foster healthy growth for contract stacks across the board. ```` -----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT----- Document: Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock Date: July 9th, 2016 Author: Gregory J. Mikeska Signatory Address:1KDPgyR4kvbazDMYNFzcyr8HrCaNPmSjLZ -----END SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT----- -----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK----- IPTVp5ZWZe3QAH8ZC26Ytte68T//8fYgEz6bLaWwD1VjJpDek31XaMF4CJQ+FEQ2wQfwXv1C3C0DDMs5Ds7kt3E= -----END SIGNATURE BLOCK-----````
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      "body": "# Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock\nA Brief White Paper by @gmikeska07\n# Introduction\nMining is a crucial function in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Concerns abound over potential centralization of mining power into the hands of mining cartels which may or may not be benevolent oligarchs. Attempts at innovation in the mining space, though well-intentioned and, often, well executed have fallen short of incentivizing a trend toward decentralization of mining power.\n\nMining “contracts” and “bonds” were the first instruments used to allow investment in mining projects. Companies offering such investment opportunities set up warehouses of GPU and FPGA miners, and offered contracts at a flat rate based on hashrate offered and contract duration. Often, companies offering mining contracts would allow the investor to specify a pool toward which the mining power would be directed. Unfortunately, the hashrate avalanche that resulted from the flood of investment during this period caused many ingenuous offerings to lose production capability quickly because of Bitcoin’s rapidly increasing difficulty during this period.\n\tAs the first ASIC machines came online, the community was excited to see the advent of “cloud mining” services which make investment in cryptocurrency mining trivial for anyone who has interacted with a modern trading interface. Many entries in this space failed to perform as expected, again, due to the difficulty increases from rapid innovation occurring at this point. Still other companies claiming to offer cloud mining services disappeared seemingly overnight, taking investor funds with them. Further, most cloud mining operations don’t allow the investor to specify a mining pool in which they would like their hashrate to participate. This incentivizes a trend toward centralization, with specific cases in mind of cloud providers approaching 51% of network mining power.\nAlong with contracts and cloud mining, some companies offer miner hosting. With miner hosting, an investor retains ownership of the hardware and control over pool participation. The investor pays maintenance fees to the hosting provider, who is responsible for securing, powering, and maintaining the hardware. Investors can usually take delivery of their mining hardware at any time, and may then sell the miner, operate it locally, or find another hosting company for the miner. This approach, though properly incentivized, drastically reduces the liquidity of the miner as a resource, as the owner must take ownership of the hardware if he wishes to switch hosting companies or market the hardware to another investor.\nThe approach described in this document uses smart contracts on the Rootstock (RSK) network to commoditize ownership of mining hardware and facilitate issue of derivative instruments, based upon the hashing power of the hardware in question, as tokens.\nI want this document to be read as a recommendation, or an “Invitation to discussion” if you will. Many details of implementation will require some modicum of community consensus before an approach like this can succeed.\n# Vocabulary\nMining Hardware - Any device or group of devices that emit shares which can be directed toward a mining pool.\n\nMiner Hosting Provider - An individual or organization which take custody of mining hardware and operate it on behalf of an investor, collecting maintenance fees in return.\n\nProvider Contract - A contract which performs blockchain-data management functions on behalf of a specific hosting provider. Such a contract should be considered implementation of a protocol to facilitate interoperability with other provider contracts. Implementation should begin only after adequate community discussion.\n\nHardware Contract - A contract issued by a provider when new mining hardware is brought online. The provider is responsible for configuring the contract to reflect ownership by an address specified by the initial investor. Again, care should be taken in implementing these contracts to maximize interoperability with related systems.\n\t\nInitial Investor - An individual or organization that puts down initial investment on mining hardware.\n\n# The Provider Contract\nThe provider, to bootstrap his endeavor, issues a contract that holds all metadata about the operation. Contact information, number of hardware spots available (perhaps the community can come to an agreement on standard sizing of hardware) and maintenance fee information can all be enumerated in the contract, with “owner-only” accessor methods to provide update capabilities. Contracts representing hardware housed by a given provider will contain a reference to this contract so that the intrinsic “reputation” of the provider can substantiate the condition scores and other metrics the provider is responsible for maintaining. (More on these later). The establishment of a contract as the basis for reference to a hosting provider allows ownership to be passed on to other organizations (distributed or otherwise) in the future.\n# Equipment Purchase/Assay Process\nInitial investors may either purchase equipment and have it shipped to a hosting facility, or may order hardware through the hosting provider. The provider must then assay the hardware, (much like the process for admitting large-ingot gold bars to the financial system) checking for physical as well as performance issues. During assay, the provider rates the overall condition of the hardware (new, good, poor, etc), and may test the miner’s hashrate (Though as a sign of goodwill to the investor, I recommend that any assay related mining be conducted on testnet, or that revenue be identified and perhaps loaded into the investor’s account to cover initial maintenance fees). The provider then issues a contract, sets the variable for “owner” in the contract to the address specified by their investor at time of purchase or onboarding.\n\n# Mining Pools and Protocol Enhancements\nMining pools stand to greatly benefit if a contract-focused securitization of mining power succeeds. That being said, these benefits will require some changes to the protocols that pools use to communicate to worker nodes, and APIs will need to be constructed to allow owner specification of mining pool preference. Another pool API should be architected to allow hardware owners to pay maintenance fees to their hosting provider out of pool revenue if they so choose. I also think that it might be worthwhile to investigate the idea of mining pools issuing a share-count statement whenever they discover a block. The statement would certify the percentages of work that each worker contributed to block discovery, referring to each worker by the address of its associated contract. Such certification could provide an indelible record of the performance of a piece of hardware, and enforce accountability for pool operators, hosting providers and investors alike.\n# Ownership Transfer\nAn investor may decide to sell his hardware at any time. The recent explosion of interest in DAOs have driven many centralized exchanges to support trading of tokens. Support for trading of contracts that represent mining hardware should be well within reach. Just as one must transfer tokens to an address corresponding to his account on an exchange, an investor looking to market his mining hardware need only call the ‘changeOwner’ function on the contract. Exchanges could use the metadata in the hardware contract to build a description of the equipment. Further, just as exchanges have accommodated users in execution of DAO functions through their tokens, a proxy for update/maintenance of miner information could be provided.\n# Tokenization of Equipment Ownership\nThe investor may decide to maintain some stake in the hardware when seeking to defer costs. This can be undertaken simply by creating a DAO contract and passing ownership of the hardware contract to the DAO. Details on how DAO members can then vote on changes to the miner’s pool status, request a provider transfer, or acommodate distribution of mining revenue to tokenholders are discussed at length in the DAO white paper (https://download.slock.it/public/DAO/WhitePaper.pdf) and are beyond the scope of this document.\n# Provider Transfer\nKeeping the market for miner hosting both open and flexible is crucial to the securitization of mining power. Protocols for issuing requests for hardware transfer from one hosting provider to another will need to be designed, but these tasks can be handled through the provider and hardware contract implementations. Requests can be initiated by the owner of a piece of hardware, perhaps via a function call to the new provider. The function call could carry fees to cover shipping along with initial maintenance fees and assay service Then, the “New Provider” would send a notification of transfer to the provider in custody of the hardware in question. This method call could reference the payment they received to vouch that the transaction came from the address listed as the owner of the hardware.\n\n# A note on Interoperability vs. Competition\nWhile it is crucial that the community develop contract interfaces which are interoperable, I see no problem at all with healthy competition between individual contract stacks. That is to say, though we may delineate standard function names and data fields, differences in the way these protocols are implemented will foster healthy growth for contract stacks across the board.\n\n\n````\n-----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT-----\nDocument: Securitizing Cryptocurrency Miner Ownership with Smart Contracts on Rootstock\nDate: July 9th, 2016\nAuthor: Gregory J. Mikeska \nSignatory Address:1KDPgyR4kvbazDMYNFzcyr8HrCaNPmSjLZ\n-----END SIGNATURE BLOCK TEXT-----\n\n-----BEGIN SIGNATURE BLOCK-----\nIPTVp5ZWZe3QAH8ZC26Ytte68T//8fYgEz6bLaWwD1VjJpDek31XaMF4CJQ+FEQ2wQfwXv1C3C0DDMs5Ds7kt3E=\n-----END SIGNATURE BLOCK-----````",
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2016/07/18 23:18:12
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2016/07/18 21:02:00
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2016/07/18 21:01:09
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2016/07/18 21:00:12
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2016/07/18 21:00:09
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2016/07/18 21:00:00
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2016/07/18 20:57:00
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2016/07/18 20:57:00
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authorgmikeska07
permlinkthe-macroeconomics-of-central-bank-issued-digital-currencies-bank-of-england-report
titleThe macroeconomics of central bank issued digital currencies - Bank of England Report
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2016/07/18 19:39:54
votergmikeska07
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gmikeska07started an SBD to STEEM conversion: 6.218 SBD
2016/07/18 19:39:00
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2016/07/18 19:16:36
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2016/07/18 18:44:21
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2016/07/18 18:42:39
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2016/07/18 18:42:30
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2016/07/18 18:42:27
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2016/07/18 18:42:21
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2016/07/18 10:02:12
voterwynandvanrhyn
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2016/07/18 07:00:33
voterjohnsmith
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gmikeska07received 0.029 SBD, 0.028 SP author reward for @gmikeska07 / when-telling-friends-about-bitcoin
2016/07/18 03:22:54
authorgmikeska07
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2016/07/18 00:32:06
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2016/07/18 00:14:24
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2016/07/17 23:20:03
voterstephencurry
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  "timestamp": "2016-07-17T23:20:03",
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}
2016/07/17 22:40:09
votermianeri
authorgmikeska07
permlinkbitcoin-as-the-ubiquitous-trust-anchor-the-system-is-iteself-to-bitcoin
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3286036/Trx cae7f862b5c4ceb4a8688cedeb87fe983db5be6c
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}
2016/07/17 21:45:18
votersteampunkpowered
authorgmikeska07
permlinkbitcoin-as-the-ubiquitous-trust-anchor-the-system-is-iteself-to-bitcoin
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3284943/Trx 93b556ce55677e0ae24bd417c24549beef755c61
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}
2016/07/17 21:20:54
votersunnyray
authorgmikeska07
permlinkbitcoin-as-the-ubiquitous-trust-anchor-the-system-is-iteself-to-bitcoin
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3284458/Trx 66fbd5ba642cdef46e10cb41fcca0a4b580e7b09
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}
2016/07/17 21:06:00
votershowmethecoinz
authorgmikeska07
permlinkbitcoin-as-the-ubiquitous-trust-anchor-the-system-is-iteself-to-bitcoin
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3284160/Trx 249c558675b6882e5d666fb762e3e5885f6b1afd
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}
2016/07/17 19:31:06
votersean-king
authorgmikeska07
permlinkbitcoin-as-the-ubiquitous-trust-anchor-the-system-is-iteself-to-bitcoin
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #3282270/Trx abf7061789c6c2f27e6adea9e4ba4580f0c8cdbd
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}

Account Metadata

POSTING JSON METADATA
None
JSON METADATA
None
{
  "posting_json_metadata": {},
  "json_metadata": {}
}

Auth Keys

Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7ekzkzmxfzLBhs18xdExG58TU8328TkYdzc11rpTNB8SGSCRXo1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM54Zfa2UnbvPU2za248PVxrk3s1gyCa3Kdnj4ogVQ3pv4upY6ga1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM5rL6WMiUvnJXedsTqB4VmA8i95eYyYxmcMhqscYhaHArTniSzX1/1
Memo
STM6qzmXaDZJLoKjh9EgYzmzQ2PTbrtR5TndqV9HDPqfd4YxPkTrY
{
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7ekzkzmxfzLBhs18xdExG58TU8328TkYdzc11rpTNB8SGSCRXo",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM54Zfa2UnbvPU2za248PVxrk3s1gyCa3Kdnj4ogVQ3pv4upY6ga",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5rL6WMiUvnJXedsTqB4VmA8i95eYyYxmcMhqscYhaHArTniSzX",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo": "STM6qzmXaDZJLoKjh9EgYzmzQ2PTbrtR5TndqV9HDPqfd4YxPkTrY"
}

Witness Votes

0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]