Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS51.17%
Net Worth
2.283USD
STEEM
0.104STEEM
SBD
0.056SBD
Own SP
38.792SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.104STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
38.792SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
0.000SP
Effective Power
38.792SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.029SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.024SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
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reward_sbd_balance
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Account Info

namearmchair
id132375
rank55,430
reputation24557671884
created2017-02-12T23:28:39
recovery_accountanonsteem
proxyNone
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vesting_shares63079.857481 VESTS
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reward_vesting_balance59.754505 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
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savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update2017-02-12T23:32:12
last_account_update2017-02-12T23:35:48
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
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Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
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From Date
To Date
2020/02/13 00:47:15
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @armchair! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@armchair/birthday3.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 3 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@armchair) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=armchair)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
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Transaction InfoBlock #40769183/Trx cfdd3a277ff46dcfa093326bf65b01c6283ae5dd
View Raw JSON Data
{
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      "body": "Congratulations @armchair! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@armchair/birthday3.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 3 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@armchair) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=armchair)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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2019/02/13 00:25:06
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @armchair! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@armchair/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@armchair)_</sub> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
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permlinksteemitboard-notify-armchair-20190213t002506000z
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Transaction InfoBlock #30296912/Trx 64a424d92ec8e66740e6cd036ce94ae434c79ca4
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{
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      "body": "Congratulations @armchair! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@armchair/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@armchair)_</sub>\n\n\n> Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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armchairreceived 0.032 SBD, 0.037 SP author reward for @armchair / for-which-there-is-not-yet
2017/09/15 06:26:24
authorarmchair
permlinkfor-which-there-is-not-yet
sbd payout0.032 SBD
steem payout0.000 STEEM
vesting payout59.754505 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #15480740/Virtual Operation #2
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2017/09/08 06:31:12
authorarmchair
bodyWord.
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2017/09/08 06:27:00
authork-rapper
bodyHi! I am a human. I just upvoted you! I did not bother to find similar content that I might be interested in because I'm human and I can't search a database in seconds but I can fart and burp
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2017/09/08 06:26:51
authorarmchair
permlinkfor-which-there-is-not-yet
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Transaction InfoBlock #15279255/Trx 17465fdc3c2a4604bb24c0751e9cdea9178eac45
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2017/09/08 06:26:24
authorarmchair
body>Vietnam and hypnotic Americanism, like divorce, abortion, and gender, may have been the opening battle cries of our new engagement with morality as a strand of religion, but they were as nothing compared to the questions that lie ahead. In particular, as science, medicine, theology, and philosophy probe ever more skillfully into the nature of human mentation and subjective and/or spiritual structure, including into the evolution of human consciousness, this culture will be faced with issues of human responsibility and training and social management, even of human manipulation, for which no prior intellectual guidelines exist and for which there is not yet a fully realized shared imagination. > >Most Americans realize that this tsunami is visible on the horizon, whether we think about it every day with intention or not; and most of us have held the questions attendant to it consciously, if *sotto voce*, in our heads for at least two decades. We have acknowledged their impending arrival enough even to begin some of the initial work that will be required for our survival as a civilization. **Phyllis A. Tickle, *Greed : the seven deadly sins* (2004)** Read this today and it reminded me of this place for some reason.
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nik69upvoted (100.00%) @armchair / torn
2017/02/24 19:06:51
authorarmchair
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2017/02/17 01:53:42
authorscreenname
permlinkthe-daily-tribune-most-undervalued-posts-of-feb-16---part-ii
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2017/02/16 12:05:03
authorarmchair
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2017/02/16 09:36:39
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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2017/02/16 09:35:06
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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2017/02/16 09:34:57
authorarmchair
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2017/02/16 09:34:30
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414815/Trx 91ca51f2b8a07a6b0b329ef976a7e8f3cd5c78b8
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:32:18
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414771/Trx e000a0cd441bc15f0958ea51ed7282f7d24f2eb3
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:32:06
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414767/Trx 9b5a590befdd891f65e18bf75220b748f91bfb3f
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:29:54
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414723/Trx 76262819c1a2990681c0e0171860e6da1ca931d6
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:29:18
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414711/Trx 355595bf4392ebfa6b94ead29d8e786784724ce1
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:29:09
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414708/Trx 1248f1296d86c04da555c81244e7b58fcd4e33ad
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:28:42
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414699/Trx cc673b23fab54618ad12e99273589ad0194529d0
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:28:24
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414693/Trx ae07cbe074bd64b902391665390b0d5bab17528f
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:28:03
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414686/Trx cb3581ce0445b81bac6e3598e3c7999ab99df24e
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:26:24
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414653/Trx 7f0b17228d0c7f21d018d159c6d5a34141c81cbf
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:24:12
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414609/Trx e9af31c65d2d4b7970e85badaddda04d94f2b234
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:22:12
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #9414569/Trx 6dc0903370e2e024f77786e0590edc7481342336
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:21:24
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414553/Trx c3e23138b013cae67ea40f34a38623f0fb57902a
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:20:12
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414529/Trx b2be3943647a8362b0e44295e049ddebf4a237c7
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:19:54
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #9414523/Trx f6c87cb981ddb05c368af44919abf312fe525eb6
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:19:33
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #9414516/Trx 673e2c08c27ade6aadbda3f24767840901005fea
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:14:27
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #9414415/Trx 5a85da049be6ffff53669289c61af5af9edf7412
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:14:27
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414415/Trx 569dfccd471ba1ece40f20151a06d34b3ea6e86d
View Raw JSON Data
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2017/02/16 09:14:18
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414412/Trx 061dfae4c981a1d8fe259c69d7ae8f8fd8b3540a
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:14:06
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414408/Trx 6cc8352ee34bd8e05688c0b4114040b5e18dac45
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:13:30
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414396/Trx 3f28d4d77ceb80ea1ea16f371077da7d3052e258
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:11:51
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414363/Trx a61bb1f9300c5a71f57f7973a09127aa35c0b458
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:11:42
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414360/Trx 19d4ee958b6c9d265693c7fe65b90b06dc4f925d
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:10:12
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414330/Trx 8c81ad01b686062cf87e3c3d5207acaddc4960dd
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:09:45
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414321/Trx 12281856999fd06dd6dd589eab591121166be444
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:09:06
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414308/Trx 2964b1b24487386c3e3c5c85acd2433fbdc45bac
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:09:03
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414307/Trx 15876bbf73ac89969647147591c6d796a1ac93a7
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:09:00
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414306/Trx f1c7c10f2cc399c5502191f413354ce2bd40bf34
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:02:48
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414182/Trx dcbdd65a7c7dc39a8103da19741ba1b8c12df515
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 09:01:54
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414164/Trx 657252e9d7e344c9eb6a38132e8fbd509b35db17
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 08:54:36
authorarmchair
permlinkepistemological-af
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Transaction InfoBlock #9414019/Trx 34fb8138d505b057f47b89053052c5db5b2d962a
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 08:53:18
authorarmchair
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Transaction InfoBlock #9413993/Trx 48911fcd33026e86c20f23ff10c13ef978f7104b
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/02/16 08:48:33
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2017/02/16 08:48:33
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2017/02/16 08:48:30
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2017/02/16 08:47:30
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:44:21
authorarmchair
body@@ -1421,23 +1421,18 @@ /Spicer -because +as most of
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2017/02/16 08:42:54
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:41:57
authorarmchair
body(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) Despite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team. (Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.) [Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the "epistemology" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): "a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says "Steemit" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person."). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power. But let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets. I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures. This is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as "Orwellian." I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. There is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media. Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. Let us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall! @armchair *Will edit for clarity.* Edit: Aw crap. *Philsophy*. Really? Damn. The blockchain is forever.
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      "body": "(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) \n\nDespite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team.\n\n(Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.)\n\n[Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the \"epistemology\" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): \"a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says \"Steemit\" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person.\"). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power.\n\nBut let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets.  I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures.\n\nThis is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as \"Orwellian.\" I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. \n\nThere is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt  the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media.  Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. \n\nLet us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall!\n\n@armchair\n\n*Will edit for clarity.*\n\nEdit: Aw crap. *Philsophy*. Really? Damn. The blockchain is forever.",
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:41:27
authorarmchair
body@@ -4709,17 +4709,17 @@ dit: Aw -C +c rap. *Ph
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:40:51
authorarmchair
body@@ -4698,8 +4698,78 @@ larity.* +%0A%0AEdit: Aw Crap. *Philsophy*. Really? Damn. The blockchain is forever.
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:39:36
authorarmchair
body(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) Despite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team. (Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.) [Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the "epistemology" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): "a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says "Steemit" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person."). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power. But let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets. I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures. This is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as "Orwellian." I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. There is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media. Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. Let us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall! @armchair *Will edit for clarity.*
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titleEpistemological AF.
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      "body": "(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) \n\nDespite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team.\n\n(Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.)\n\n[Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the \"epistemology\" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): \"a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says \"Steemit\" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person.\"). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power.\n\nBut let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets.  I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures.\n\nThis is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as \"Orwellian.\" I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. \n\nThere is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt  the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media.  Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. \n\nLet us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall!\n\n@armchair\n\n*Will edit for clarity.*",
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:39:21
authorarmchair
body(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) Despite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team. (Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.) [Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the "epistemology" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): "a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says "Steemit" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person."). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power. But let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets. I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures. This is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as "Orwellian." I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. There is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media. Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. Let us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall! @armchair *Will edit for clarity.*
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titleEpistemological AF.
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:39:06
authorarmchair
body(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) Despite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team. (Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.) [Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the "epistemology" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): "a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says "Steemit" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person."). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power. But let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets. I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures. This is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as "Orwellian." I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. There is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media. Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. Let us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall! @armchair *Will edit for clarity.*
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titleEpistemological AF.
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      "body": "(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) \n\nDespite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team.\n\n(Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.)\n\n[Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the \"epistemology\" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): \"a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says \"Steemit\" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person.\"). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power.\n\nBut let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets.  I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures.\n\nThis is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as \"Orwellian.\" I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. \n\nThere is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt  the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media.  Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. \n\nLet us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall!\n\n@armchair\n\n*Will edit for clarity.*",
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:38:51
authorarmchair
body(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) Despite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team. (Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.) [Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the "epistemology" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): "a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says "Steemit" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person."). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power. But let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets. I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures. This is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as "Orwellian." I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. There is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media. Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. Let us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall! @armchair *Will edit for clarity.*
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titleEpistemological AF.
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      "body": "(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) \n\nDespite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team.\n\n(Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.)\n\n[Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the \"epistemology\" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): \"a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says \"Steemit\" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person.\"). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power.\n\nBut let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets.  I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures.\n\nThis is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as \"Orwellian.\" I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. \n\nThere is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt  the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media.  Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. \n\nLet us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall!\n\n@armchair\n\n*Will edit for clarity.*",
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:38:24
authorarmchair
body(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) Despite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team. (Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.) [Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the "epistemology" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): "a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says "Steemit" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person."). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power. But let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets. I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures. This is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as "Orwellian." I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. There is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media. Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. Let us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall! @armchair *Will edit for clarity.*
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2017/02/16 08:38:09
authorarmchair
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armchairpublished a new post: epistemological-af
2017/02/16 08:38:09
authorarmchair
body(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) Despite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team. (Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.) [Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the "epistemology" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): "a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says "Steemit" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person."). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power. But let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets. I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures. This is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as "Orwellian." I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. There is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media. Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. Let us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall! @armchair *Will edit for clarity.*
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      "body": "(Disclaimer: my argument is largely comprised of personal anecdote and incomplete reasoning. See [username](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/armchair).) \n\nDespite all the reasonable backlash to the Spicer/Conway comments, I remain wary of how the term *alternative facts* is being subsumed into other narratives, especially those of mainstream media outlets surrounding the claimed prevalence of *fake news*. The extent to which it implies that dominant news outlets have some kind of corner on what is factual via a more refined, reliable, or authoritative epistemology is as disconcerting as the very comments made by Trump's team.\n\n(Like @lukestokes raised in a recent post, I agree that [*the mechanisms many use for justified belief are not as sound as they could be*](https://steemit.com/philosophy/@lukestokes/problem-alternative-facts-or-poor-epistemology). However, I do believe a plurality of well-reasoned epistemologies is possible; I don't believe in a singularity of reason or logic any more than I believe that people share perfectly identical experiences. This of course doesn't mean that people with differing epistemologies have nothing to say to each other; it's just a matter of doing the awkward and difficult work of finding the things we agree to be facts.)\n\n[Under these specific circumstances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_facts), it's easy to write-off the \"epistemology\" of Conway/Spicer because most of us are accustomed to and take for granted the falsifiability of numbers and the role photographs play in shaping what we consider to be real. (From [The Steemit Welcome Guide](https://steemit.com/welcome): \"a lot of users will take a picture of themselves holding up a piece of paper that says \"Steemit\" with the current date, so we know you are a **real** person.\"). And also because it's easy to dismiss the rationale of people accustomed to covering their asses in the face of resistance and ridicule, moreso when it's their job to do so on behalf of people of power.\n\nBut let's not forget that mainstream media consist of powerful people who too have been covering their asses recently. Despite his [initial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKQD_cKEICk) and [ongoing use](https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/831830548565852160) of the phrase, Donald J. Trump did not instigate the narrative of *fake news*. A concern for the persuasive power of *fake news* arose in the wake of an election that delegitimized many influential news outlets (i.e. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html)) and the Democratic Party, whose very strategy [included bolstering Trump in the press](https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/796222841612042240?lang=en) and [being in cahoots](http://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/) with those same, soon-to-be-shamed outlets.  I personally first heard the term during a [post-election discussion](http://www.npr.org/2016/12/14/505547295/fake-news-expert-on-how-false-stories-spread-and-why-people-believe-them) that strongly suggested, rather than outright claimed, that pro-Trump/anti-Clinton fake news sites swayed the election in Trump's favor. I find this explanation too convenient, as it rids both the media and politicians of any blame regarding their recent failures.\n\nThis is why I'm skeptical of the response to the Spicer/Conway comments, and even the labeling of such a term as *alternative facts* as \"Orwellian.\" I enthusiastically admit that uncanniness levels are skyrocketing with its resemblance to the rhetorical strategies present in *1984*, and I am totally glad that Orwell is cool again. But, frankly, if we find ourselves putting more trust in mainstream outlets and their proclaimed ability to siphon fact from fiction in reaction to something said by Trump or his team, we may be missing the point. \n\nThere is a reason Trump was able to quickly co-opt  the rhetoric of *fake news* to his own ends; it was already being used in a similar fashion by and to the advantage of his opponents: the Democratic party and mainstream media.  Both usages require us to put our trust in their epistemological reasoning rather than our own. Neither of these authorities, I ascertain, are advocating for us to truly think for ourselves, or for that matter, to be critical of them. \n\nLet us not pass on an opportunity to hold not only our politicians accountable, but the people who report on them as well. Granted, I probably don't need to make a case for exploring indepedent news outlets here, or for using online resources for sharpening our own epistemologies. This is Steemit, afterall!\n\n@armchair\n\n*Will edit for clarity.*",
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2017/02/16 06:07:42
authorarmchair
bodyI appreciate you raising this topic!
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2017/02/16 05:10:12
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2017/02/16 05:08:36
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2017/02/16 05:01:57
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armchairreceived 0.104 STEEM, 0.024 SBD, 0.351 SP author reward for @armchair / torn
2017/02/14 06:29:39
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2017/02/14 02:02:06
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2017/02/13 13:17:24
authorarmchair
body[Where We Stand](http://www.internationalsocialist.org/pdfs/WhereWeStandPamphlet.pdf) https://i.imgur.com/itbFEHV.jpg
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2017/02/13 13:14:39
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bodyhttps://i.imgur.com/itbFEHV.jpg [Where We Stand](http://www.internationalsocialist.org/pdfs/WhereWeStandPamphlet.pdf)
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gtgupvoted (100.00%) @armchair / torn
2017/02/13 13:10:03
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2017/02/13 13:09:42
authorgtg
bodyHello @armchair, welcome to Steem! :-)
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2017/02/13 13:03:00
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2017/02/13 12:06:06
authoralways1success
bodyThanks for your rating!
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ancap47upvoted (100.00%) @armchair / torn
2017/02/13 04:33:03
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justtryme90upvoted (24.00%) @armchair / torn
2017/02/13 01:26:51
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voterjusttryme90
weight2400 (24.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #9318791/Trx b0cfbc004aa1a5d92e8cc9a2ae4a2830a4594ac3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 9318791,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "armchair",
      "permlink": "torn",
      "voter": "justtryme90",
      "weight": 2400
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-02-13T01:26:51",
  "trx_id": "b0cfbc004aa1a5d92e8cc9a2ae4a2830a4594ac3",
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "virtual_op": 0
}

Account Metadata

POSTING JSON METADATA
profile{"name":"armchair","profile_image":"http://previews.123rf.com/images/joesive47/joesive471208/joesive47120800072/15207722-Luxurious-vintage-armchair-Stock-Photo-armchair-white-antique.jpg"}
JSON METADATA
profile{"name":"armchair","profile_image":"http://previews.123rf.com/images/joesive47/joesive471208/joesive47120800072/15207722-Luxurious-vintage-armchair-Stock-Photo-armchair-white-antique.jpg"}
{
  "posting_json_metadata": {
    "profile": {
      "name": "armchair",
      "profile_image": "http://previews.123rf.com/images/joesive47/joesive471208/joesive47120800072/15207722-Luxurious-vintage-armchair-Stock-Photo-armchair-white-antique.jpg"
    }
  },
  "json_metadata": {
    "profile": {
      "name": "armchair",
      "profile_image": "http://previews.123rf.com/images/joesive47/joesive471208/joesive47120800072/15207722-Luxurious-vintage-armchair-Stock-Photo-armchair-white-antique.jpg"
    }
  }
}

Auth Keys

Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM64hoqPWyzfiJ7RNJP7tQK6hLNHngBPfqrbkiJXYn8G8xkn4fnZ1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM81z9SxxH79VB9FE4vNtqnwjMv27L6EJuh9FFy1mUMjkp9e5XpH1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7Fe2UzJ8GdUhgxFFzypY1TMHHa1Mxub5cpZDHuRZqnamkTgRXV1/1
Memo
STM6TKS7arQf7RMxuB9Sm1dvmb2U7BHnTDQokBAEGDHbrEMpnpH1b
{
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM64hoqPWyzfiJ7RNJP7tQK6hLNHngBPfqrbkiJXYn8G8xkn4fnZ",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM81z9SxxH79VB9FE4vNtqnwjMv27L6EJuh9FFy1mUMjkp9e5XpH",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7Fe2UzJ8GdUhgxFFzypY1TMHHa1Mxub5cpZDHuRZqnamkTgRXV",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "memo": "STM6TKS7arQf7RMxuB9Sm1dvmb2U7BHnTDQokBAEGDHbrEMpnpH1b"
}

Witness Votes

0 / 30
No active witness votes.
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